The Journal of Mesopotamian Studies
Araştırma Makalesi
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Involuntary Marriages From a Human Rights Perspective: Towards an Analytical Framework

Yıl 2018, Cilt 3, Sayı 1, 95 - 120, 26.02.2018

Osman AYTAR

Öz

The aim of this article is to develop an analytical framework for understanding involuntary marriages from a human rights perspective based on the United Nations’ human rights conventions and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The empirical material used as a basis for an analytical framework consists of 16 thematic open-ended interviews with Kurds in Sweden. A total of eight of the 16 respondents were below 18 years of age when they married. The results from these interviews show that the majority of interviewees’ marriages are arranged. The results also show that the reasons behind these marriages and the consequences of them are complex and go beyond being mere expressions of gender roles. In addition to the fathers who typically have greater influence than the mothers do, there are differences in power and influence among women as well, such as mothers’ power over daughters and step-mothers’ power over step-daughters. Therefore, there is a need for new and wider perspectives on involuntary marriages, and the analytical framework developed in this article is a part of such a purpose.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Involuntary marriage, arranged marriage, child marriage, forced marriage

Kaynakça

  • Abdelzadeh, H. (2010). Utvärderingsbok för projektet Jämställdhet för pappor och pojkar 2007–2009 i samarbete med Rädda Barnens dialogprogram. Stockholm: Kurdistans kvinnoförbund i Sverige.
  • Alakom, R. (2007). Kurderna – fyrtio år i Sverige (1965-2005). Stockholm: Serkland.
  • Alinia, M. (2014). Spaces of Diaspora. Kurdish Identities, Experiences of Otherness and Politics of Belonging. Göteborg: Göteborg University.
  • Alinia, M. (2013). Honor and Violence Against Women in Iraqi Kurdistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Anitha, S., & Gill, A. K. (2011). Reconceptualising Consent and Coercion within an Intersectional Understanding of Forced Marriage”, in A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 46-66). London: Zed Books.
  • Asaad, A. (2012). Stjärnlösa nätter: en berättelse om kärlek, svek och rätten att välja sitt liv. Stockholm: Norstedts.
  • Aytar, O. (2013). Äktenskap utan egen vilja: En studie om äktenskap utan egen vilja bland kurdiska ungdomar i Sverige. Stockholm: Kurdistans kvinnoförbund i Sverige.
  • Bağli, M., & Sever, A. (2003). Female and Male Suicides in Batman, Turkey: Poverty, Social Change, Patriarchal Oppression and Gender Links. The Women’s Health and Urban Life, 2(1), 60-84. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17381.
  • Bhardwaj, A. (2001). Growing up Young, Asian and Female in Britain: A Report on Self-harm and Suicide. Feminist Review, 8(1), 52-67. DOI: 10.1080/01417780110042392.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2004). Distinction: A social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1995). Praktiskt förnuft: bidrag till en handlingsteori. Göteborg: Daidalos.
  • Bowman, J. L., & Dollahite, D. C. (2013), "Why Would Such a Person Dream About Heaven?" Family, Faith, and Happiness in Arranged Marriages in India. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 44(2), 207–225. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/43613089.
  • Bredal, A. (1999). Arrangerte ekteskap og tvangsekteskap i Norden. København: Nordisk Ministerråd.
  • Bredal, A. (2006). Vi är jo en familie. Arrangerte ekteskap, autonomi og fellesskap blant unge norsk-asiater. Oslo: Institutt for samfunnsforskning.
  • Bredal, A. (2011). Border Control to Prevent Forced Marriages: Choosing between Protecting Women and Protecting the Nation. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 90-111). London: Zed Books.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Choudhry, S. (2011). Forced marriage: the European Convention on Human Rights and Human Rights Act 1998. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 67-89). London: Zed Books.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 140, 139–167. Reprinted in A. Phillips (Ed.). (1998), Feminism and Politics (pp. 314-343). Oxford: OUP Oxford, 1998).
  • Crenshaw, K. (1993). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law review, 103(6), 1241–1299. DOI: 10.2307/1229039.
  • Darvishpour, M., Lahdenperä, P., & Lorentz, H. (2010). Hedersrelaterad problematik i skolan. en kunskaps- och forskningsöversikt. Stockholm: Rapport XII från Delegationen för jämställdhet i skolan, SOU 2010:84.
  • de los Reyes, P. and Mulinari, D. (2005). Intersektionalitet: kritiska reflektioner över (o)jämlikhetens landskap. Malmö: Liber.
  • Doğan, R. (2011). Is Honor Killing a “Muslim Phenomenon”? Textual Interpretations and Cultural Representations”. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31(3), 423–440. DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2011.599547.
  • Doğan, R. (2013). Honour Killings in the UK’s Communities: Adherence to Tradition and Resistance to Change. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 33(3), 401-417. DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2013.853978.
  • Doğan, R. (2014). Different Cultural Understandings of Honor That Inspire Killing. An Inquiry Into the Defendant’s Perspective. Homicide Studies, 18(4), 363–388. DOI: 10.1177/1088767914526717.
  • Eliassi, B. (2010). A stranger in my homeland: The politics of belonging among young people with Kurdish backgrounds in Sweden. Östersund: Mid Sweden University, Doctoral Thesis.
  • Eliassi, B. (2013a). Contesting Kurdish Identities in Sweden: Quest for Belonging among Middle Eastern Youth. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Eliassi, B. (2013b). Orientalist Social Work: Cultural Otherization of Muslim Immigrants in Sweden. Critical Social Work, 14(1), 33–47. URL: http://www1.uwindsor.ca/criticalsocialwork/orientalistSWotherizationSweden.
  • Emanuelsson, A-C. (2015). Diaspora Global Politics: Kurdish Transnational Networks and Accommodation of Nationalism. Göteborg: Göteborg University, Doctoral Thesis.
  • Emirbayer, M. (1997). Manifesto for a relational sociology. The American Journal of Sociology, 103(2), 281–317. DOI: 10.1086/231209.
  • European Court of Human Rights (2010). European convention on human rights (Strasbourg: European Court of Human Rights, 2010). Retrieved November 18, 2016 from http://echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
  • Gangoli, G., Chantler, K., Hester, M., & Singleton, A. (2011). Understanding forced marriage: definitions and realities. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 25-45). London: Zed Books.
  • Gill, A. K., & Anitha, S. (2011). Introduction. Framing Forced Marriages as a Form of Violence against Women. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 1-22). London: Zed Books.
  • Hansson, M. (Red.) (2010). Perspektiv på manlighet och heder. Stockholm: Gothia.
  • Hense, A., & Schorch, M. (2011). Arranged Marriages as Support for Intraethnic Matchmaking? A Case Study on Muslim Migrants in Germany. International Migration, 51(2), 104–126. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00631.x.
  • Hoyek, D., & Sidawi, R. R. (2005). Murders of Women in Lebanon: "Crimes of Honour" between Reality and the Law. In L. Welchman & S. Hossain (Eds.), 'Honour': Crimes, Paradigms, and Violence Against Women (pp. 111-136). London: Zed Books.
  • Integrationsverket. (2000). Låt oss tala om flickor… Norrköping: Integrationsverket, 2000.
  • Izol, K. (2002). Vår röst är vår framtid: En rapport om Kurdiska Riksförbundets projekt "Generationskonflikt". Stockholm: Kurdiska riksförbundet.
  • Johansson, K. (Red.). (2005). Hedersmord. Tusen år av hederskulturer. Lund: Historiska media.
  • Justitiedepartementet. (2012). Stärkt skydd mot tvångsäktenskap och barnäktenskap. Betänkande av Utredningen om stärkt skydd mot tvångsäktenskap och barnäktenskap. Stockholm: Justitiedepartementet, SOU 2012:25.
  • Khayati, K. (2008). From Victim Diaspora to Transborder Citizenship? Diaspora formation and transnational relations among Kurds in France and Sweden. Linköping: Linköping University, Doctoral Thesis.
  • Layder, D. (1998). Sociological practice. Linking theory and social research (London: Sage Publications.
  • Mutyaba, R. (2011). Early Marriage: A Violation of Girls’ Fundamental Human Rights in Africa, International Journal of Children’s Rights, 19(2), 339–355. DOI: 10.1163/157181811X584514.
  • Nationellt Centrum För Kvinnofrid (2010). Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck – en kunskaps- och forskningsöversikt. Uppsala: Nationellt Centrum För Kvinnofrid, Uppsala universitet.
  • Nazand, B. (2005). Honour-based Violence among the Kurds: The Case of Iraqi Kurdistan. In L. Welchman, & S. Hossain (Eds.), 'Honour': Crimes, Paradigms, and Violence Against Women (p. 209-229). London: Zed Books.
  • Ouis, P. (2009). Honourable Traditions? Honour Violence, Early Marriage and Sexual Abuse of Teenage Girls in Lebanon, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Yemen. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 17(3), 445–474. DOI: 10.1163/157181808X389911.
  • Regeringen. 2007). Handlingsplan för att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor, hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck samt våld i samkönade relationer. Stockholm: Regeringens skrivelse 2007/08:39.
  • Regeringen. (2009). Handlingsplan för att förebygga och förhindra att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Regeringens skrivelse 2009/10:229.
  • Regeringskansliet. (2009). Mänskliga rättigheter. Konventionen om barnets rättigheter Stockholm: Regeringskansliet.
  • Regeringskansliet (2011). FN:s konventioner om mänskliga rättigheter. Stockholm: Regeringskansliet, 2011.
  • Samad, Y. (2010). Forced Marriage among Men: An Unrecognized Problem. Critical Social Policy, 30(2), 189–207. DOI: 10.1177/0261018309358289.
  • Sedem, M. (2012). Rädsla för förlust av liv och heder. Stockholm: Psykologiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet, Doktorsavhandling.
  • Schlytter, A. (2004). Rätten att själv få välja. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
  • Swedish Research Council. (2011). God Research Practice. Stockholm: Swedish Research Council.
  • Thunander, T. (2007). Barnbrudar – i nöd och olust. Stockholm: Leopard förlag.
  • Tilly, C. (2000). Beständig ojämlikhet. Lund: Arkiv.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2009). Gift mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2010a). Rätt att välja. Samhällsinformation för att förebygg och förhindra att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2010b). Av egen vilja. En kartläggning av förebyggande arbete och metoder för att förhindra och förebygga att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen..
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2011). Viljan att förebygga äktenskap mot någons vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2012). Mot någons vilja. Slutrapport av uppdraget insatser för att förebygga och förhindra att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja 2010–2012. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
  • United Nations. (1966a), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx
  • United Nations. (1966b). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx
  • United Nations. (1979), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx
  • United Nations. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx
  • Utbildningsdepartementet. (2004). Makt att bestämma – rätt till välfärd. Stockholm: Utbilningsdepartementet (Stockholm: Regeringens proposition 2004/05:2.
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Intersectionality and Feminist Politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193–209. DOI: 10.1177/1350506806065752.
  • Zettervall, C. (2013). Reluctant Victims into Challengers. Narratives of a Kurdish Political Generation in Diaspora in Sweden. Lund: Lund University, Doctoral Thesis.

Bir İnsan Hakları Perspektifi ile Gönülsüz Evliliklere Bakış: Analitik Bir Çerçeveye Doğru

Yıl 2018, Cilt 3, Sayı 1, 95 - 120, 26.02.2018

Osman AYTAR

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, Birleşmiş Milletler'in insan hakları sözleşmeleri ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'ni esas alan bir insan hakları perspektifinden hareketle gönülsüz evlilikleri anlamak için analitik bir çerçeve geliştirmektir. Tanıtılan analitik çerçevenin temeli olarak kullanılan ampirik materyal, İsveç'te 16 Kürt ile yapılan tematik açık uçlu söyleşileri kapsamaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan 16 kişiden sekizi, evlendiğinde 18 yaşın altındaydı. Söyleşi sonuçları, görüşülenlerin evliliklerinin çoğunluğunun düzenlenmiş evlilikler olduklarını göstermektedir. Sonuçlar ayrıca, bu evliliklerin arkasındaki nedenlerin ve bunların sonuçlarının çok yönlü ve cinsiyet rolleri ifadelerinin ötesinde olduklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Genellikle annelerden daha fazla etkiye sahip olan babalara ek olarak, annelerin kızları çocukları ve üvey annelerin üvey kız çocukları üzerindeki gücü gibi kadınlar arasında da güç ve nüfuz konusunda farklılıklar vardır. Bu nedenle gönülsüz evliklerle ilgili yeni ve daha geniş perspektiflere ihtiyaç var ve bu makalede geliştirilen analitik çerçeve de böylesi bir amacın bir parçasıdır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

insan hakları perspektifi, gönülsüz evlilik, düzenlenmiş evlilik, çocuk evliliği, zoraki evlilik

Kaynakça

  • Abdelzadeh, H. (2010). Utvärderingsbok för projektet Jämställdhet för pappor och pojkar 2007–2009 i samarbete med Rädda Barnens dialogprogram. Stockholm: Kurdistans kvinnoförbund i Sverige.
  • Alakom, R. (2007). Kurderna – fyrtio år i Sverige (1965-2005). Stockholm: Serkland.
  • Alinia, M. (2014). Spaces of Diaspora. Kurdish Identities, Experiences of Otherness and Politics of Belonging. Göteborg: Göteborg University.
  • Alinia, M. (2013). Honor and Violence Against Women in Iraqi Kurdistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Anitha, S., & Gill, A. K. (2011). Reconceptualising Consent and Coercion within an Intersectional Understanding of Forced Marriage”, in A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 46-66). London: Zed Books.
  • Asaad, A. (2012). Stjärnlösa nätter: en berättelse om kärlek, svek och rätten att välja sitt liv. Stockholm: Norstedts.
  • Aytar, O. (2013). Äktenskap utan egen vilja: En studie om äktenskap utan egen vilja bland kurdiska ungdomar i Sverige. Stockholm: Kurdistans kvinnoförbund i Sverige.
  • Bağli, M., & Sever, A. (2003). Female and Male Suicides in Batman, Turkey: Poverty, Social Change, Patriarchal Oppression and Gender Links. The Women’s Health and Urban Life, 2(1), 60-84. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17381.
  • Bhardwaj, A. (2001). Growing up Young, Asian and Female in Britain: A Report on Self-harm and Suicide. Feminist Review, 8(1), 52-67. DOI: 10.1080/01417780110042392.
  • Bourdieu, P. (2004). Distinction: A social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1995). Praktiskt förnuft: bidrag till en handlingsteori. Göteborg: Daidalos.
  • Bowman, J. L., & Dollahite, D. C. (2013), "Why Would Such a Person Dream About Heaven?" Family, Faith, and Happiness in Arranged Marriages in India. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 44(2), 207–225. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/43613089.
  • Bredal, A. (1999). Arrangerte ekteskap og tvangsekteskap i Norden. København: Nordisk Ministerråd.
  • Bredal, A. (2006). Vi är jo en familie. Arrangerte ekteskap, autonomi og fellesskap blant unge norsk-asiater. Oslo: Institutt for samfunnsforskning.
  • Bredal, A. (2011). Border Control to Prevent Forced Marriages: Choosing between Protecting Women and Protecting the Nation. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 90-111). London: Zed Books.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Choudhry, S. (2011). Forced marriage: the European Convention on Human Rights and Human Rights Act 1998. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 67-89). London: Zed Books.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 140, 139–167. Reprinted in A. Phillips (Ed.). (1998), Feminism and Politics (pp. 314-343). Oxford: OUP Oxford, 1998).
  • Crenshaw, K. (1993). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law review, 103(6), 1241–1299. DOI: 10.2307/1229039.
  • Darvishpour, M., Lahdenperä, P., & Lorentz, H. (2010). Hedersrelaterad problematik i skolan. en kunskaps- och forskningsöversikt. Stockholm: Rapport XII från Delegationen för jämställdhet i skolan, SOU 2010:84.
  • de los Reyes, P. and Mulinari, D. (2005). Intersektionalitet: kritiska reflektioner över (o)jämlikhetens landskap. Malmö: Liber.
  • Doğan, R. (2011). Is Honor Killing a “Muslim Phenomenon”? Textual Interpretations and Cultural Representations”. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31(3), 423–440. DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2011.599547.
  • Doğan, R. (2013). Honour Killings in the UK’s Communities: Adherence to Tradition and Resistance to Change. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 33(3), 401-417. DOI: 10.1080/13602004.2013.853978.
  • Doğan, R. (2014). Different Cultural Understandings of Honor That Inspire Killing. An Inquiry Into the Defendant’s Perspective. Homicide Studies, 18(4), 363–388. DOI: 10.1177/1088767914526717.
  • Eliassi, B. (2010). A stranger in my homeland: The politics of belonging among young people with Kurdish backgrounds in Sweden. Östersund: Mid Sweden University, Doctoral Thesis.
  • Eliassi, B. (2013a). Contesting Kurdish Identities in Sweden: Quest for Belonging among Middle Eastern Youth. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Eliassi, B. (2013b). Orientalist Social Work: Cultural Otherization of Muslim Immigrants in Sweden. Critical Social Work, 14(1), 33–47. URL: http://www1.uwindsor.ca/criticalsocialwork/orientalistSWotherizationSweden.
  • Emanuelsson, A-C. (2015). Diaspora Global Politics: Kurdish Transnational Networks and Accommodation of Nationalism. Göteborg: Göteborg University, Doctoral Thesis.
  • Emirbayer, M. (1997). Manifesto for a relational sociology. The American Journal of Sociology, 103(2), 281–317. DOI: 10.1086/231209.
  • European Court of Human Rights (2010). European convention on human rights (Strasbourg: European Court of Human Rights, 2010). Retrieved November 18, 2016 from http://echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
  • Gangoli, G., Chantler, K., Hester, M., & Singleton, A. (2011). Understanding forced marriage: definitions and realities. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 25-45). London: Zed Books.
  • Gill, A. K., & Anitha, S. (2011). Introduction. Framing Forced Marriages as a Form of Violence against Women. In A. K. Gill, & S. Anitha (Eds.), Forced Marriage. Introducing a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective (pp. 1-22). London: Zed Books.
  • Hansson, M. (Red.) (2010). Perspektiv på manlighet och heder. Stockholm: Gothia.
  • Hense, A., & Schorch, M. (2011). Arranged Marriages as Support for Intraethnic Matchmaking? A Case Study on Muslim Migrants in Germany. International Migration, 51(2), 104–126. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2010.00631.x.
  • Hoyek, D., & Sidawi, R. R. (2005). Murders of Women in Lebanon: "Crimes of Honour" between Reality and the Law. In L. Welchman & S. Hossain (Eds.), 'Honour': Crimes, Paradigms, and Violence Against Women (pp. 111-136). London: Zed Books.
  • Integrationsverket. (2000). Låt oss tala om flickor… Norrköping: Integrationsverket, 2000.
  • Izol, K. (2002). Vår röst är vår framtid: En rapport om Kurdiska Riksförbundets projekt "Generationskonflikt". Stockholm: Kurdiska riksförbundet.
  • Johansson, K. (Red.). (2005). Hedersmord. Tusen år av hederskulturer. Lund: Historiska media.
  • Justitiedepartementet. (2012). Stärkt skydd mot tvångsäktenskap och barnäktenskap. Betänkande av Utredningen om stärkt skydd mot tvångsäktenskap och barnäktenskap. Stockholm: Justitiedepartementet, SOU 2012:25.
  • Khayati, K. (2008). From Victim Diaspora to Transborder Citizenship? Diaspora formation and transnational relations among Kurds in France and Sweden. Linköping: Linköping University, Doctoral Thesis.
  • Layder, D. (1998). Sociological practice. Linking theory and social research (London: Sage Publications.
  • Mutyaba, R. (2011). Early Marriage: A Violation of Girls’ Fundamental Human Rights in Africa, International Journal of Children’s Rights, 19(2), 339–355. DOI: 10.1163/157181811X584514.
  • Nationellt Centrum För Kvinnofrid (2010). Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck – en kunskaps- och forskningsöversikt. Uppsala: Nationellt Centrum För Kvinnofrid, Uppsala universitet.
  • Nazand, B. (2005). Honour-based Violence among the Kurds: The Case of Iraqi Kurdistan. In L. Welchman, & S. Hossain (Eds.), 'Honour': Crimes, Paradigms, and Violence Against Women (p. 209-229). London: Zed Books.
  • Ouis, P. (2009). Honourable Traditions? Honour Violence, Early Marriage and Sexual Abuse of Teenage Girls in Lebanon, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Yemen. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 17(3), 445–474. DOI: 10.1163/157181808X389911.
  • Regeringen. 2007). Handlingsplan för att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor, hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck samt våld i samkönade relationer. Stockholm: Regeringens skrivelse 2007/08:39.
  • Regeringen. (2009). Handlingsplan för att förebygga och förhindra att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Regeringens skrivelse 2009/10:229.
  • Regeringskansliet. (2009). Mänskliga rättigheter. Konventionen om barnets rättigheter Stockholm: Regeringskansliet.
  • Regeringskansliet (2011). FN:s konventioner om mänskliga rättigheter. Stockholm: Regeringskansliet, 2011.
  • Samad, Y. (2010). Forced Marriage among Men: An Unrecognized Problem. Critical Social Policy, 30(2), 189–207. DOI: 10.1177/0261018309358289.
  • Sedem, M. (2012). Rädsla för förlust av liv och heder. Stockholm: Psykologiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet, Doktorsavhandling.
  • Schlytter, A. (2004). Rätten att själv få välja. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
  • Swedish Research Council. (2011). God Research Practice. Stockholm: Swedish Research Council.
  • Thunander, T. (2007). Barnbrudar – i nöd och olust. Stockholm: Leopard förlag.
  • Tilly, C. (2000). Beständig ojämlikhet. Lund: Arkiv.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2009). Gift mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2010a). Rätt att välja. Samhällsinformation för att förebygg och förhindra att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2010b). Av egen vilja. En kartläggning av förebyggande arbete och metoder för att förhindra och förebygga att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen..
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2011). Viljan att förebygga äktenskap mot någons vilja. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • Ungdomsstyrelsen. (2012). Mot någons vilja. Slutrapport av uppdraget insatser för att förebygga och förhindra att unga blir gifta mot sin vilja 2010–2012. Stockholm: Ungdomsstyrelsen.
  • United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/
  • United Nations. (1966a), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx
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  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Intersectionality and Feminist Politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193–209. DOI: 10.1177/1350506806065752.
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Antropoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Osman AYTAR (Sorumlu Yazar)
Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare
0000-0001-9496-4342
Sweden

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Şubat 2018
Yayınlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018, Cilt 3, Sayı 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aytar, O. (2018). Involuntary Marriages From a Human Rights Perspective: Towards an Analytical Framework . The Journal of Mesopotamian Studies , 3 (1) , 95-120 . Retrieved from http://jms.artuklu.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/31490/368531
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