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PSYCHIATRIC NURSING PERSPECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY OF PANDEMİC DISEASES

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 69 - 82, 30.06.2021

Abstract

There have been many pandemics in the 21st century. Some of these pandemics are Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Ebola. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), which affects the world today, has emerged. Psychiatric nurses play important roles in times of pandemic diseases involving psychosocial problems. While our perception dominating our daily life is in order; pandemic psychology can be unusual, powerful, and extremely disturbing, creating chaos and threatening this usual order. During periods of pandemic disease, simultaneous application of mental health measures such as preventive interventions, timely detection and elimination of mental health problems with physical health measures can help patients in long-term suffer.

References

  • Halter, J. M. Varcarolıs’ Foundatıons Of Psychıatrıc Mental Health Nursıng: A Clınıcal Approach, 8. Basım, 2014, New York, Usa, p: 12-18.
  • From American Psychiatric Nurses Association, International Society of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses, & American Nurses Association. (2007). Psychiatric-mental health nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Silver Spring, Newington, VA: American Nurses Association.
  • Boyd, M. A. (Ed.). (2008). Psychiatric nursing: Contemporary practice. lippincott Williams & wilkins. p: 31-36
  • http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/images/2020/kovidraporu/TÜBA%20Covid19%20Raporu%205.%20Güncelleme.pdf TÜBA Covid-19 Küresel Salgın Değerlendirme Raporu. 20 Mayıs 2020, Ankara. (erişim 03.06.2020)
  • Hacımustafaoğlu, M., & Önürmen, Ö. (2018). Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Pratiğinde Salgın Tanımlanması. Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi, 12(4), 172-173.
  • Pandemi (saglik.gov.tr) ERİŞİM (29/05/21)
  • Ünlü, H., & Çiçek, E. (2021). Salgın Hastalıklardan Koruma ve Kontrol Önlemleri, COVID-19 Pandemisi ile Mücadele ve Yaşanan Güçlükler. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 8(1) 101-108.
  • Singh, P., Singh, S., Sohal, M., Dwivedi, Y. K., Kahlon, K. S., & Sawhney, R. S. (2020). Psychological fear and anxiety caused by COVID-19: Insights from Twitter analytics. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 102280.
  • Johnson, N. P., & Mueller, J. (2002). Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920" Spanish" influenza pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 105-115. Young, Joseph M., "The Politics of Contagion" (2016). Master's Theses. 198. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/198
  • WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19-11 March 11, March 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
  • Strong, P. (1990). Epidemic psychology: a model. Sociology of Health & Illness, 12(3), 249-259.
  • Aiello, L. M., Quercia, D., Zhou, K., Constantinides, M., Šćepanović, S., & Joglekar, S. (2020). How epidemic psychology works on social media: evolution of responses to the covid-19 pandemic. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.13169.
  • Schutz, A., & Luckmann, T. (1973). The structures of the life-world (Vol. 1). northwestern university press. https: //books.google.co.uk/books?id=LGXBxI0Xsh8C.
  • Williams, M. T., Mugno, B., Franklin, M., & Faber, S. (2013). Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: phenomenology and treatment outcomes with exposure and ritual prevention. Psychopathology, 46(6), 365-376.
  • Lakeman, R. (2020). Mental Health Nurses locked out while Australia locks down. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 10.1111/inm.12778, 30(1), 126-135.
  • Yang, M. (2020). Resilience and meaning-making amid the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 60(5), 662-671.
  • Ahmed, S. F., Quadeer, A. A., & McKay, M. R. (2020). Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies. Viruses, 12(3), 254.
  • Zhao, Y., An, Y., Tan, X., & Li, X. (2020). Mental health and its influencing factors among self-isolating ordinary citizens during the beginning epidemic of COVID-19. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(6-7), 580-593.
  • Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., & Singh, M. P. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India!. Asian journal of psychiatry, 49, 101989.
  • Giummarra, M. J., Lennox, A., Dali, G., Costa, B., & Gabbe, B. J. (2018). Early psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety after traumatic injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 62, 11-36.
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2).
  • Cheng, C., Jun, H., & Baoyong, L. (2014). Psychological health diathesis assessment system: a nationwide survey of resilient trait scale for Chinese adults. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 12(6), 735.
  • Jolley, D., & Douglas, K. M. (2014). The effects of anti-vaccine conspiracy theories on vaccination intentions. PloS one, 9(2), e89177.
  • Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği (2020). Koronavirüs salgınında uyku hijyenine yönelik öneriler. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Uyku ve Bozuklukları Çalışma Birimi https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/UykuCOVID-18042020.pdf (erişim 03.06.2020)
  • Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Zeng, L., Yang, J., Song, X., Rao, W., ... & Zhang, X. (2020). Prevalence and correlation of anxiety, insomnia and somatic symptoms in a Chinese population during the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 894.
  • Aktürk, H., & Enstitüsü, S. B. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı Pandemisi Döneminde Online Yaşam ve Psikolojik Etkileri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Sosyal Psikiyatri Ana Bilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı. (2020), Kovid-19 Salgını Ve Sonrası Psikolojik Ve Sosyolojik Değerlendirmeler Raporu. http://pa.edu.tr/Upload/editor/files/Covid_Sonrası_Psik_Sos_Degerlendirmeler.pdf (Erişim 03 Mayıs 2020)
  • Demirutku, K. (2020). Belirsizlik, kontrol, kabullenme. Türk Psikologlar Derneği.
  • Zhang, R., Jiang, T., Li, N., Wang, Z., Liu, B., Fang, L., & Zhang, X. (2015). The negative psychology for the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza. Zhonghua yu Fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine], 49(12), 1073-1079.
  • Lei, L., Huang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, J., Yang, L., & Xu, M. (2020). Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 epidemic in Southwestern China. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 26, e924609-1.
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği (2020). COVID-19 salgını sırasında ruh sağlığı. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Travma, Afet ve Kriz Birimi. http://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/blog/www/covid-19-salgini-sirasinda-ruh-sagligi-x656/ (erişim 03.06.2020)
  • Wang, H., Xia, Q., Xiong, Z., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., ... & Li, Z. (2020). The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey. PLoS One, 15(5), e0233410.
  • Hall, R. C., Hall, R. C., & Chapman, M. J. (2008). The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General hospital psychiatry, 30(5), 446-452.
  • Rubin, G. J., Potts, H. W. W., & Michie, S. (2010). The impact of communications about swine flu (influenza A H1N1v) on public responses to the outbreak: results from 36 national telephone surveys in the UK. Health Technology Assessment, 14(34), 183-266.
  • Van Bortel, T., Basnayake, A., Wurie, F., Jambai, M., Koroma, A. S., Muana, A. T., ... & Nellums, L. B. (2016). Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(3), 210.
  • Sim, K., Chan, Y. H., Chong, P. N., Chua, H. C., & Soon, S. W. (2010). Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease. Journal of psychosomatic research, 68(2), 195-202.
  • Wagner-Egger, P., Bangerter, A., Gilles, I., Green, E., Rigaud, D., Krings, F., ... & Clémence, A. (2011). Lay perceptions of collectives at the outbreak of the H1N1 epidemic: heroes, villains and victims. Public Understanding of Science, 20(4), 461-476.
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229.
  • Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Vincent, L., Bennett, J., Peladeau, N., Leszcz, M., ... & Mazzulli, T. (2003). The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj, 168(10), 1245-1251.
  • Lee, A. M., Wong, J. G., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Sham, P. C., ... & Chua, S. E. (2007). Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 233-240.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729.
  • Ekiz, T., Ilıman, E., & Dönmez, E. (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile COVID-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 6(1), 139-154.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
  • Barello, S., & Graffigna, G. (2020). Caring for health professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic emergency: toward an “epidemic of empathy” in healthcare. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1431.
  • Liu, X., Kakade, M., Fuller, C., Fan, B., Fang, Y., Kong, J., Guan, Z. & Wu, P. (2012). Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(1), p.15-23.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z. & Hu, S. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), p.e203976.
  • Preti, E., Di Mattei, V., Perego, G., Ferrari, F., Mazzetti, M., Taranto, P., ... & Calati, R. (2020). The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Current psychiatry reports, 22(8), 1-22.
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Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 69 - 82, 30.06.2021

Abstract

21. yüzyılda birçok salgın yaşanmıştır. Bu salgınlardan bazıları Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu (SARS-CoV), Orta Doğu Solunum Sendromu (MERS-CoV) ve Ebola’ dır. Günümüzde dünyayı etkisi altına alan Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (Covid-19) ortaya çıkmıştır. Psikiyatri hemşireleri, psikososyal sorunları içeren salgın hastalıkların yaşandığı dönemlerde, önemli roller üstlenmektedir. Günlük hayatımızda egemen olan algımız düzen olup; salgın psikolojisi alışılmadık, güçlü ve son derece rahatsız edici olabilmekte, kaos yaratarak bu alışıldık düzene tehdit oluşturabilmektedir. Salgın hastalık dönemlerinde koruyucu müdahalelerin yapılması, zamanında ruhsal sağlık sorunlarının tespit edilmesi ve ortadan kaldırılması gibi, fiziksel sağlık önlemleri ile eş zamanlı ruhsal sağlık önlemleri uygulaması uzun süreli acı çekmede hastalara yardımcı olabilir.

References

  • Halter, J. M. Varcarolıs’ Foundatıons Of Psychıatrıc Mental Health Nursıng: A Clınıcal Approach, 8. Basım, 2014, New York, Usa, p: 12-18.
  • From American Psychiatric Nurses Association, International Society of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses, & American Nurses Association. (2007). Psychiatric-mental health nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Silver Spring, Newington, VA: American Nurses Association.
  • Boyd, M. A. (Ed.). (2008). Psychiatric nursing: Contemporary practice. lippincott Williams & wilkins. p: 31-36
  • http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/images/2020/kovidraporu/TÜBA%20Covid19%20Raporu%205.%20Güncelleme.pdf TÜBA Covid-19 Küresel Salgın Değerlendirme Raporu. 20 Mayıs 2020, Ankara. (erişim 03.06.2020)
  • Hacımustafaoğlu, M., & Önürmen, Ö. (2018). Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Pratiğinde Salgın Tanımlanması. Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi, 12(4), 172-173.
  • Pandemi (saglik.gov.tr) ERİŞİM (29/05/21)
  • Ünlü, H., & Çiçek, E. (2021). Salgın Hastalıklardan Koruma ve Kontrol Önlemleri, COVID-19 Pandemisi ile Mücadele ve Yaşanan Güçlükler. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 8(1) 101-108.
  • Singh, P., Singh, S., Sohal, M., Dwivedi, Y. K., Kahlon, K. S., & Sawhney, R. S. (2020). Psychological fear and anxiety caused by COVID-19: Insights from Twitter analytics. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 102280.
  • Johnson, N. P., & Mueller, J. (2002). Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920" Spanish" influenza pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 105-115. Young, Joseph M., "The Politics of Contagion" (2016). Master's Theses. 198. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/198
  • WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19-11 March 11, March 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
  • Strong, P. (1990). Epidemic psychology: a model. Sociology of Health & Illness, 12(3), 249-259.
  • Aiello, L. M., Quercia, D., Zhou, K., Constantinides, M., Šćepanović, S., & Joglekar, S. (2020). How epidemic psychology works on social media: evolution of responses to the covid-19 pandemic. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.13169.
  • Schutz, A., & Luckmann, T. (1973). The structures of the life-world (Vol. 1). northwestern university press. https: //books.google.co.uk/books?id=LGXBxI0Xsh8C.
  • Williams, M. T., Mugno, B., Franklin, M., & Faber, S. (2013). Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: phenomenology and treatment outcomes with exposure and ritual prevention. Psychopathology, 46(6), 365-376.
  • Lakeman, R. (2020). Mental Health Nurses locked out while Australia locks down. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 10.1111/inm.12778, 30(1), 126-135.
  • Yang, M. (2020). Resilience and meaning-making amid the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 60(5), 662-671.
  • Ahmed, S. F., Quadeer, A. A., & McKay, M. R. (2020). Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies. Viruses, 12(3), 254.
  • Zhao, Y., An, Y., Tan, X., & Li, X. (2020). Mental health and its influencing factors among self-isolating ordinary citizens during the beginning epidemic of COVID-19. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(6-7), 580-593.
  • Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., & Singh, M. P. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India!. Asian journal of psychiatry, 49, 101989.
  • Giummarra, M. J., Lennox, A., Dali, G., Costa, B., & Gabbe, B. J. (2018). Early psychological interventions for posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety after traumatic injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 62, 11-36.
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2).
  • Cheng, C., Jun, H., & Baoyong, L. (2014). Psychological health diathesis assessment system: a nationwide survey of resilient trait scale for Chinese adults. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 12(6), 735.
  • Jolley, D., & Douglas, K. M. (2014). The effects of anti-vaccine conspiracy theories on vaccination intentions. PloS one, 9(2), e89177.
  • Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği (2020). Koronavirüs salgınında uyku hijyenine yönelik öneriler. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Uyku ve Bozuklukları Çalışma Birimi https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/UykuCOVID-18042020.pdf (erişim 03.06.2020)
  • Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Zeng, L., Yang, J., Song, X., Rao, W., ... & Zhang, X. (2020). Prevalence and correlation of anxiety, insomnia and somatic symptoms in a Chinese population during the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 894.
  • Aktürk, H., & Enstitüsü, S. B. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı Pandemisi Döneminde Online Yaşam ve Psikolojik Etkileri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Sosyal Psikiyatri Ana Bilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı. (2020), Kovid-19 Salgını Ve Sonrası Psikolojik Ve Sosyolojik Değerlendirmeler Raporu. http://pa.edu.tr/Upload/editor/files/Covid_Sonrası_Psik_Sos_Degerlendirmeler.pdf (Erişim 03 Mayıs 2020)
  • Demirutku, K. (2020). Belirsizlik, kontrol, kabullenme. Türk Psikologlar Derneği.
  • Zhang, R., Jiang, T., Li, N., Wang, Z., Liu, B., Fang, L., & Zhang, X. (2015). The negative psychology for the public in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of human H7N9 avian influenza. Zhonghua yu Fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine], 49(12), 1073-1079.
  • Lei, L., Huang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, J., Yang, L., & Xu, M. (2020). Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by versus people unaffected by quarantine during the COVID-19 epidemic in Southwestern China. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 26, e924609-1.
  • Türk Psikologlar Derneği (2020). COVID-19 salgını sırasında ruh sağlığı. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Travma, Afet ve Kriz Birimi. http://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/blog/www/covid-19-salgini-sirasinda-ruh-sagligi-x656/ (erişim 03.06.2020)
  • Wang, H., Xia, Q., Xiong, Z., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., ... & Li, Z. (2020). The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey. PLoS One, 15(5), e0233410.
  • Hall, R. C., Hall, R. C., & Chapman, M. J. (2008). The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General hospital psychiatry, 30(5), 446-452.
  • Rubin, G. J., Potts, H. W. W., & Michie, S. (2010). The impact of communications about swine flu (influenza A H1N1v) on public responses to the outbreak: results from 36 national telephone surveys in the UK. Health Technology Assessment, 14(34), 183-266.
  • Van Bortel, T., Basnayake, A., Wurie, F., Jambai, M., Koroma, A. S., Muana, A. T., ... & Nellums, L. B. (2016). Psychosocial effects of an Ebola outbreak at individual, community and international levels. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(3), 210.
  • Sim, K., Chan, Y. H., Chong, P. N., Chua, H. C., & Soon, S. W. (2010). Psychosocial and coping responses within the community health care setting towards a national outbreak of an infectious disease. Journal of psychosomatic research, 68(2), 195-202.
  • Wagner-Egger, P., Bangerter, A., Gilles, I., Green, E., Rigaud, D., Krings, F., ... & Clémence, A. (2011). Lay perceptions of collectives at the outbreak of the H1N1 epidemic: heroes, villains and victims. Public Understanding of Science, 20(4), 461-476.
  • Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229.
  • Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Vincent, L., Bennett, J., Peladeau, N., Leszcz, M., ... & Mazzulli, T. (2003). The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj, 168(10), 1245-1251.
  • Lee, A. M., Wong, J. G., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Sham, P. C., ... & Chua, S. E. (2007). Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 233-240.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry research, 287, 112934.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729.
  • Ekiz, T., Ilıman, E., & Dönmez, E. (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile COVID-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 6(1), 139-154.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
  • Barello, S., & Graffigna, G. (2020). Caring for health professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic emergency: toward an “epidemic of empathy” in healthcare. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1431.
  • Liu, X., Kakade, M., Fuller, C., Fan, B., Fang, Y., Kong, J., Guan, Z. & Wu, P. (2012). Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(1), p.15-23.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z. & Hu, S. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), p.e203976.
  • Preti, E., Di Mattei, V., Perego, G., Ferrari, F., Mazzetti, M., Taranto, P., ... & Calati, R. (2020). The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Current psychiatry reports, 22(8), 1-22.
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There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuğba Aşkan 0000-0002-4165-5113

Ali Çayköylü 0000-0003-1586-9334

Birgül Özkan 0000-0002-1271-8007

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date May 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aşkan, T., Çayköylü, A., & Özkan, B. (2021). Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, 5(1), 69-82.
AMA Aşkan T, Çayköylü A, Özkan B. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. June 2021;5(1):69-82.
Chicago Aşkan, Tuğba, Ali Çayköylü, and Birgül Özkan. “Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 5, no. 1 (June 2021): 69-82.
EndNote Aşkan T, Çayköylü A, Özkan B (June 1, 2021) Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 5 1 69–82.
IEEE T. Aşkan, A. Çayköylü, and B. Özkan, “Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi”, Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 69–82, 2021.
ISNAD Aşkan, Tuğba et al. “Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 5/1 (June 2021), 69-82.
JAMA Aşkan T, Çayköylü A, Özkan B. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. 2021;5:69–82.
MLA Aşkan, Tuğba et al. “Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 1, 2021, pp. 69-82.
Vancouver Aşkan T, Çayköylü A, Özkan B. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Bakış Açısıyla Salgın Hastalık Psikolojisi. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. 2021;5(1):69-82.
Ulisa: Journal of International Studies is published by the ULİSA Institute.