Review
Year 2017,
Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 25 - 34, 28.12.2017
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe the
cognitive behavioral therapy techniques used in treatment of social phobia,
which is one of the most common anxiety disorders and to examine the studies
conducted about these therapy techniques. The techniques in this study include
exposure, cognitive restructuring, relaxation, social skill training, updating early memories linked to negative images and traumatic memories, cognitive behavioral group therapy, internet-based
cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and pure self
help. Studies on techniques used in the treatment of social phobia have been
found that exposure, cognitive restructuring, social skills training and updating
early memories linked to negative imagery are very effective techniques. Cognitive
behavioral group therapy is effective, but not as effective as individual cognitive
behavioral therapy. Internet-based therapy and self-help are much less useful
than other techniques. There is a need for studies on techniques used in the
treatment of social phobia. It is envisaged that the comparative analysis of
the techniques and examining their effects on treatment will fill a significant
gap in clinical psychology field
References
- Barrera, T. L., Szafranski, D. D., Ratcliff, C. G., Garnaat, S. L., & Norton, P. J. (2016). An experimental comparison of techniques: Cognitive defusion, cognitive restructuring, and in-vivo exposure for social anxiety. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 44(2), 249-254.
- Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Sarver, N. W. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of anxiety disorders, 28(8), 908-918.
- Bogels, S. M., Sijbers, G. F. V. M., & Voncken, M. (2006). Mindfulness and task concentration training for social phobia: A pilot study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 20(1), 33-44.
- Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Mcmanus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social Phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 3, 568–578.
- Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo L., Andersson G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: Randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive- behavioural therapy with telephone support. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 123-128.
- Frets, P. G., Kevenaar, C., & van der Heiden, C. (2014). Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for patients with social phobia: A case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 160-169.
- Gebara, C. M., Barros-Neto, T. P. D., Gertsenchtein, L., & Lotufo-Neto, F. (2016). Virtual reality exposure using three-dimensional images for the treatment of social phobia. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 38(1), 24-29.
- Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., ... & Fallon, B. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141.
- Hofmann, S. G. M. A., Smits, J. A. J., Simon, N. M., Pollack M. H., Eisenmenger, K., Shiekh, M., & Otto, M. W. (2006). Augmentation of exposure therapy with d-cycloserine for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63, 298–304.
- Holmes, E. A., Arntz, A., & Smucker, M. R. (2007). Imagery rescripting in cognitive behaviour therapy: Images, treatment techniques and outcomes. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 297–305.
- Klainin-Yobas, P., Oo, W. N., Suzanne Yew, P. Y., & Lau, Y. (2015). Effects of relaxation interventions on depression and anxiety among older adults: a systematic review. Aging & mental health, 19(12), 1043-1055.
- Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V., & Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 51(12), 889-898.
- Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., ... & Ritter, V. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767.
- Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behavior therapy, 20(1), 3-23.
- Mcevoya, P. M. (2007). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia in a community clinic: A benchmarking study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 3030–3040.
- Mortberg E., Clark D. M., Sundin O., Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs treatment as usual in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115(2), 142-154.
- Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16 ,123–134.
- Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2016). The efficacy of imagery rescripting compared to cognitive restructuring for social anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, 40, 18-28.
- Piet, J., Hougaard, E., Hecksher, M. S., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2010). A randomized pilot study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adults with social phobia. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 403–410.
- Pickard, H., Rijsdijk, F., Happé, F., & Mandy, W. (2017). Are Social and Communication Difficulties a Risk Factor for the Development of Social Anxiety?. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(4), 344-351.
- Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self help and therapist-augmented self help. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 246-52.
- Rodebaugh, T. L., Holaway, R. M. & Heimberg, R.G. (2004). The treatment of social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 24,883–908.
- Tillfors, M., Carlbring, P., Furmark, T., Lewenhaupt, S., Spak,M., Eriksson, A., Westling, B. E., & Andersson, G. (2008). Treating university students with social phobia and public speaking fears: Internet delivered self-help with or without live group exposure sessions. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 708–717.
- Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008). Shyness 1: Distance treatment of social phobia over the internet. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42,585-594.
- Wells, A., Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J., Hackmann, A., & Gelder, M. (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26(1), 153-161.
- Wilda, J., Hackmann, A., & Clark, D. M. (2007). When the present visits the past: updating traumatic memories in social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 386–401.
Year 2017,
Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 25 - 34, 28.12.2017
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı oldukça yaygın olarak görülen kaygı bozukluklarından
biri olan sosyal fobiyi tedavide kullanılan bilişsel davranışçı terapi
tekniklerini açıklamak ve bu terapi teknikleriyle ilgili yapılan çalışmaları
gözden geçirmektir. Çalışmada yer verilen teknikler yüzleştirme, bilişsel
yapılandırma, gevşeme, sosyal beceri eğitimi, erken dönem travmatik anıları
çalışma, bilişsel davranışçı grup terapisi, internet bazlı bilişsel davranışçı
terapi, farkındalık bazlı bilişsel davranışçı terapi ve kendine yardım olarak
belirlenmiştir. Sosyal fobi tedavisinde kullanılan tekniklerle ilgili yapılan
çalışmalarda, tekniklerden yüzleştirme, bilişsel yapılandırma, sosyal beceri
eğitimi ve negatif imgelerle bağlantılı olan erken dönem travmatik anıları çalışmanın
oldukça etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bilişsel davranışçı grup terapisi etkili
olmakla beraber bireysel terapi kadar etkili değildir. Internet bazlı terapi ve
kendine yardımın ise diğer tekniklere göre faydası oldukça düşüktür. Sosyal
fobi tedavisinde kullanılan teknikler ile ilgili çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Tekniklerin tedavide işleyişi ile ilgili çalışmaların ve etkilerinin
karşılaştırmalı analizinin yapılmasının klinik psikoloji alanında önemli bir
boşluğu dolduracağı düşünülmektedir
Keywords
References
- Barrera, T. L., Szafranski, D. D., Ratcliff, C. G., Garnaat, S. L., & Norton, P. J. (2016). An experimental comparison of techniques: Cognitive defusion, cognitive restructuring, and in-vivo exposure for social anxiety. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 44(2), 249-254.
- Beidel, D. C., Alfano, C. A., Kofler, M. J., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., & Sarver, N. W. (2014). The impact of social skills training for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of anxiety disorders, 28(8), 908-918.
- Bogels, S. M., Sijbers, G. F. V. M., & Voncken, M. (2006). Mindfulness and task concentration training for social phobia: A pilot study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 20(1), 33-44.
- Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Mcmanus, F., Fennell, M., Grey, N., Waddington, L., & Wild, J. (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social Phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 3, 568–578.
- Carlbring, P., Gunnarsdottir, M., Hedensjo L., Andersson G., Ekselius, L., & Furmark, T. (2007). Treatment of social phobia: Randomised trial of internet-delivered cognitive- behavioural therapy with telephone support. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 123-128.
- Frets, P. G., Kevenaar, C., & van der Heiden, C. (2014). Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone treatment for patients with social phobia: A case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 160-169.
- Gebara, C. M., Barros-Neto, T. P. D., Gertsenchtein, L., & Lotufo-Neto, F. (2016). Virtual reality exposure using three-dimensional images for the treatment of social phobia. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 38(1), 24-29.
- Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hope, D. A., Schneier, F. R., Holt, C. S., Welkowitz, L. A., ... & Fallon, B. (1998). Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(12), 1133-1141.
- Hofmann, S. G. M. A., Smits, J. A. J., Simon, N. M., Pollack M. H., Eisenmenger, K., Shiekh, M., & Otto, M. W. (2006). Augmentation of exposure therapy with d-cycloserine for social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63, 298–304.
- Holmes, E. A., Arntz, A., & Smucker, M. R. (2007). Imagery rescripting in cognitive behaviour therapy: Images, treatment techniques and outcomes. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 297–305.
- Klainin-Yobas, P., Oo, W. N., Suzanne Yew, P. Y., & Lau, Y. (2015). Effects of relaxation interventions on depression and anxiety among older adults: a systematic review. Aging & mental health, 19(12), 1043-1055.
- Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V., & Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 51(12), 889-898.
- Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., ... & Ritter, V. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(7), 759-767.
- Mattick, R. P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behavior therapy, 20(1), 3-23.
- Mcevoya, P. M. (2007). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia in a community clinic: A benchmarking study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 3030–3040.
- Mortberg E., Clark D. M., Sundin O., Aberg Wistedt, A. (2007). Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs treatment as usual in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115(2), 142-154.
- Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16 ,123–134.
- Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2016). The efficacy of imagery rescripting compared to cognitive restructuring for social anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, 40, 18-28.
- Piet, J., Hougaard, E., Hecksher, M. S., & Rosenberg, N. K. (2010). A randomized pilot study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy for young adults with social phobia. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 403–410.
- Pickard, H., Rijsdijk, F., Happé, F., & Mandy, W. (2017). Are Social and Communication Difficulties a Risk Factor for the Development of Social Anxiety?. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(4), 344-351.
- Rapee, R. M., Abbott, M. J., Baillie, A. J., Gaston, J. E. (2007). Treatment of social phobia through pure self help and therapist-augmented self help. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 246-52.
- Rodebaugh, T. L., Holaway, R. M. & Heimberg, R.G. (2004). The treatment of social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 24,883–908.
- Tillfors, M., Carlbring, P., Furmark, T., Lewenhaupt, S., Spak,M., Eriksson, A., Westling, B. E., & Andersson, G. (2008). Treating university students with social phobia and public speaking fears: Internet delivered self-help with or without live group exposure sessions. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 708–717.
- Titov, N., Andrews, G., Schwencke, G., Drobny, J., & Einstein, D. (2008). Shyness 1: Distance treatment of social phobia over the internet. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42,585-594.
- Wells, A., Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J., Hackmann, A., & Gelder, M. (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26(1), 153-161.
- Wilda, J., Hackmann, A., & Clark, D. M. (2007). When the present visits the past: updating traumatic memories in social phobia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 386–401.
There are 26 citations in total.
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 28, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | November 17, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |
