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Avrupa Birliğinin İstanbul Sözleşmesine Katılım Süreci: Yeni Bir Ulusüstücülük- Hükümetlerarasıcılık Rekabeti mi?

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 311 - 334, 26.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.961392

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın odak noktasında Avrupa Birliği’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılım süreci ve bu süreçte farklı tercihlere sahip aktörler arasındaki tartışma ve rekabet yer almaktadır. Avrupa’da 1950’li yılların sonunda varlık kazanan bölgesel bütünleşme deneyimi, zaman içinde farklı politika alanlarında üye devletlerden Birlik düzeyine aktarılan yetkilerle yeni politika alanlarına yayılmıştır. Birlik üyesi tüm devletler açısından ortak bir problem olan kadına yönelik şiddet, Birliğin tarihsel süreçte politika üretmeye ve faaliyet göstermeye yetkili hale geldiği konulardan biri olmuştur. Bu yetki paylaşımı sonucunda kadına yönelik şiddet alandaki adımlar, üye devletler ve Birlik tarafından üretilen politika ve uygulanan araçlar yoluyla atılmıştır. Avrupa Birliği’nin kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele konusunda sıklıkla en ileri ve hukuki bağlayıcılığa sahip tek uluslararası belge olarak anılan Avrupa Konseyi İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılımı da Birliğin kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele alanındaki faaliyetlerinin bir uzantısıdır. Avrupa bütünleşmesi en başından beri ulusüstücü ve hükümetlerarasıcı güçler arasındaki rekabetle şekillenmiş ve bu rekabetin tarafı olan aktörler arasındaki güç dengesinin sonuçlarını yansıtmıştır. Birliğin Sözleşmeye katılımı da ulusüstücü-hükümetlerarası ikilemi perspektifi temelinde analiz edilebilir. Bu bağlamda Sözleşmeye katılımı destekleyen aktörleri ulusüstücü, katılıma dair şüpheleri olan aktörleri de hükümetlerarasıcı olarak konumlandırmak ve Avrupa bütünleşmesini en başından beri şekillendiren bu iki eğilimin temsil eden bu aktörler arasındaki rekabetin İstanbul Sözleşmesine dair katılımda belirleyici olduğunu ileri sürmek mümkündür. Çalışmada ilk olarak Avrupa bütünleşmesinin hükümetlerarasıcılık-ulusüstücülük rekabeti boyutu ele alınmaktadır. Ardından İstanbul Sözleşmesi ve Avrupa’da kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele açısından önemi, Avrupa Birliği’nin Sözleşmeye katılım saiklerinin anlaşılması açısından incelenmektedir. Son olarak, Avrupa Birliği’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılım süreci ile ulusüstücü ve hükümetlerarasıcı aktörlerin konuya yaklaşımları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Avrupa Birliği’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılımına dair gelecek süreçte yaşanabileceklere dair öngörülerde bulunulması hedeflenmektedir.

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References

  • Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı. Advocate General’s Opinion in Avis 1/19 Istanbul Convention. 11 Mart 2021. CURIA - List of results (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 2 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Birliği Antlaşması. (2009). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012M/TXT&from=EN, Erişim tarihi: 14 Mart 2021.
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  • Avrupa Birliği Yönergesi, 2006/54/EC. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32006L0054&from=EN, Erişim tarihi: 22 Mart 2021.
  • Avrupa Birliği Yönergesi, 2011/36/EU. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0036&from=en, Erişim tarihi: 22 Mart 2021.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. Strategic Engagement for Gender Equality 2016-2019. 3 Aralık 2015a. https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/sites/default/files/strategic_engagement_for_gender_equality_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12 Nisan 2021.
  • ---. Q&A: International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. 24 Kasım 2015b.https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/es/MEMO_15_6150, Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2021.
  • ---. Istanbul Convention: Combatting Violence Against Women. Mart 2016a. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/factsheet_istanbul_convention_web_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 26 Şubat 2021.
  • ---. Proposal for a Council Decision on the Conclusion, by the European Union, of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. 4 Mart 2016b. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0109, Erişim tarihi: 11 Mart 2021.
  • ---. EU and UN Team Up to Eliminate Violence Against Women and Girls. 20 Eylül 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_3306, Erişim tarihi: 26 Şubat 2021.
  • ---. Strategic Engagement for Gender Equality 2020-2025. 5 Mart 2020a. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0152, Erişim tarihi: 1 Mayıs 2021.
  • ---. Gender-based and Domestic Violence Initiative. 16 Aralık 2020b. Combating gender-based violence – protecting victims and punishing offenders (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 1 Mayıs 2021.
  • ---. 2021 Commission Work Programme – From Strategy to Delivery. 19 Ekim 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1940, Erişim tarihi: 1 Mayıs 2021.
  • Avrupa Konseyi. Explanatory Report to the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. 21 Mayıs 2011. https://rm.coe.int/16800d383a, Erişim tarihi: 11 Mart 2021.
  • ---. EU Signs Council of Europe Convention to Stop Violence Against Women. 13 Haziran 2017. https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/home/-/asset_publisher/ke6Wfgn94238/content/eu-signs-council-of-europe-convention-to-stop-violence-against-women, Erişim tarihi: 13 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Parlamentosu. Resolution on Violence on Women. 11 Haziran 1986. ARCDOC (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 26 Mart 2021.
  • ---. Resolution on the Elimination of Violence Against Women. 29 Kasım 2009. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/B-7-2009-0139_EN.html, ARCDOC (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 26 Mart 2021.
  • ---. European Added Value Assessment: Combatting Violence Against Women. No. 3, Kasım 2013. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2013/504467/IPOL-JOIN_ET(2013)504467_EN.pdf, ARCDOC (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 26 Mart 2021.
  • ---. Mapping the Cost of Non-Europe 2014-2019. Mart 2014. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/510983/IPOL-EAVA_ET(2014)510983_EN.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 4 Mart 2021.
  • ---. EU Accession to the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. 12 Eylül 2017. TA (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 10 Mart 2021.
  • ---. The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis and Post-Crisis Period. Eylül 2020a. The gendered impact of the Covid-19 crisis and post-crisis period - Think Tank (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2021.
  • ---. EU Accession to the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women ('Istanbul Convention'). Aralık 2020b. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-area-of-justice-and-fundamental-rights/file-eu-accession-to-the-istanbul-convention, Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Enstitüsü. Estimating the Costs of Gender-Based Violence in the European Union: Report. 5 Aralık 2014. https://eige.europa.eu/node/393, Erişim tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021.
  • ---. Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls. 23 Haziran 2017. https://eige.europa.eu/publications/cyber-violence-against-women-and-girls, Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2021. Balogh, L. (2020). The Ratification Status of the Council of Europe's Istanbul Convention Among EU Member States. MTA Law Working Papers, No. 7.
  • Benlolo-Carabot, M, ve diğerleri. (2013). “Assessing the Necessity and Effects of Intervention at EU Level”. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3e51181b-3608-4ea0-a7ae-d6dd7c8b0d68, Erişim tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021.
  • Bermúdez, M. P. ve M. Meléndez-Domínguez. (2020). Epidemiological Analysis of Gender Violence in the European Union. Annals of Psychology. 36(3), 380-385.
  • Brussels Time. Politicians Pressures the EU to Make Violence Against Women A Crime. 16 Ekim 2020. https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/eu-affairs/136121/istanbul-convention-violence-against-women-domestic-gender-based-istanbul-convention-european-parliament-european-union-poland-hungary-turkey-milan-brglez-predrag-matic/, Erişim tarihi: 2 Mayıs 2021.
  • Cornu, E. (2013). The Impact of Council of Europe Standards on the European Union. R. A. Wessel and S. Blockmans (der.), Between Autonomy and Dependence, Springer, 113-129.
  • De Vido, S. (2017). The Ratification of the Council of Europe Istanbul Convention by the EU: A Step Forward in the Protectıon of Women From Violence in the European Legal System. European Journal of Legal Studies, 9(2), 69-102.
  • Douglas-Scott, S. (2011). The European Union and Human Rights after the Treaty of Lisbon, Human Rights Law Review, 11(4), 645-682.
  • Elman, R. A. (2020). The European Union and Violence Against Women: Fundamental Rights and Con Games. Dignity, 5(3), 1-12.
  • Freixes, T. ve Laura R. (2014). Presentation. Teresa Freixes ve Laura Román (Der.) Protection of the gender-based violence victims in the European Union, Publicacions Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 7-8.
  • Hungary Today. Parliament Adopts Declaration Rejecting Istanbul Convention. 5 Mayıs 2020. https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-istanbul-convention-parliament-declaration/, Erişim tarihi: 2 Mayıs 2021.
  • İstanbul Sözleşmesi (Kadınlara Yönelik Şiddet ve Aile İçi Şiddetin Önlenmesi ve Bunlarla Mücadeleye İlişkin Avrupa Konseyi Sözleşmesi). 7 Nisan 2011. https://www.coe.int/en/web/istanbul-convention/text-of-the-convention, Erişim tarihi: 23 Mart 2021.
  • Jankovic, S. ve Z. Mrsevic. (2018). Istanbul Convention - Obligation or Needs. 9th DQM Conference, 253-259.
  • Jurasz, O. (2015). The Istanbul Convention: A New Chapter in Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women. Australian Law Journal, 89(9), 619–627.
  • Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele İçin Avrupa Koalisyonu. The Istanbul Convention: A Vital Opportunity to End Violence Against Women!. Şubat 2018. european_coalition_factsheet_istanbul_convention_feburary_2018.pdf (womenlobby.org), Erişim tarihi: 12 Nisan 2021.
  • Montoya, C. ve L. R. Agustin. (2013). The Othering of Domestic Violence: The EU and Cultural Framings of Violence against Women. Social Politics, 20(4), 534-557.
  • Nalutsyshyn, V., ve diğerleri. (2020). Features of the Impact of Cooperation Between the Council of Europe and the European Union on the Development of Modern International Law. International Journal of Management, 11(6), 180-190.
  • Squire, I. (2018). Gender ideology and the Istanbul Convention in Bulgaria. Aalborg Universitet Ms Thesis, 2018.
  • Stubbs, P. ve N. Lendvai-Bainton. (2019). Authoritarian Neoliberalism, Radical Conservatism and Social Policy within the European Union: Croatia, Hungary and Poland. Development and Change, 1-21.
  • Sumbas, A. ve B. Koyuncu. (2019). Women’s Empowerment on A Local Level in Turkey: The Case of Violence Against Women. Turkish Studies, 20(2), 249-272.
  • Şahin, M. (2020). Dünyada Toplumsal Cinsiyet Karşıtı (Anti-Gender) Hareketler. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(3), 654-670.
  • Utrilla, D. On the powers of the EU and its Member States for the ratification of mixed human rights agreements: the Court of Justice’s pending Opinion in Convention d’Istanbul. EU Law Live Insight, 13 Ekim 2020. https://eulawlive.com/insight-on-the-powers-of-the-eu-and-its-member-states-for-the-ratification-of-mixed-human-rights-agreements-the-court-of-justices-pending-opinion-in-convention-distanbul/, Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2021.

European Union’s Accession to the Istanbul Convention: A New Clash of Supranationalism-Intergovernmentalism?

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 311 - 334, 26.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.961392

Abstract

European Union’s accession to the Istanbul Convention together with the debates and competition among various actors with different choices on the subject constitute the primary focus of this study. The regional integration experience, which gained existence in Europe by the late 1950s, was extended into new policy areas with the transfer of power from member state to the Union level incrementally. Violence against women, as a shared problem of all the member states, became one of the areas in which the Union has acquired competences to develop policies and take actions throughout its lifespan. As a result of this shared responsibilities, the steps aiming to combat violence against women in Europe are taken with the policies and mechanisms developed and implemented both at the European Union and member state levels. The European Union’s accession to the European Council’s Istanbul Convention, which is frequently labelled as the most far-reaching and the only legally binding international law document about violence against women is an integral part of the Union’s activities in the field of violence against women. European integration has been shaped conventionally by the rivalry between the supranational and intergovernmental actors and has reflected the consequences of the balance of power among these actors. Therefore, the Union’s accession to the Convention can also be analyzed based on the supranationalism-intergovernmentalism duality perspective. In this vein, it is possible to define the actors supporting the European Union’s accession to the Convention as supranationalist and the actors having doubts related to the Convention as the intergovernmentalist and to argue that the contestation between these two groups of actors would be influential in the accession of the European Union to the Convention. The intergovernmentalist-supranationalist rivalry dimension of European integration is dealt with at the beginning of the study. Then the study elaborates on the Istanbul Convention and its role in combatting violence against women in Europe to get a better view of the European Union’s accession motivations. In the last section, the accession of the European Union to the Istanbul Convention, as well as the positioning of the supranational and intergovernmental actors are covered. The study aims to conclude by providing some insights about the European Union’s potential of becoming a party to the Istanbul Convention.

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References

  • Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı. Advocate General’s Opinion in Avis 1/19 Istanbul Convention. 11 Mart 2021. CURIA - List of results (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 2 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Birliği Antlaşması. (2009). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012M/TXT&from=EN, Erişim tarihi: 14 Mart 2021.
  • Avrupa Birliği’nin İşleyişi Hakkında Antlaşma. (2009). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT&from=EN, Erişim tarihi: 14 Mart 2021. Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Ajansı. Violence Against Women: An EU-wide Survey Main Results. 5 Mart 2014. https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/violence-against-women-eu-wide-survey-main-results-report, Erişim tarihi: 5 Mart 2021.
  • Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartı. (2000). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=EN, Erişim tarihi: 5 Mart 2021.
  • Avrupa Birliği Yönergesi, 2006/54/EC. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32006L0054&from=EN, Erişim tarihi: 22 Mart 2021.
  • Avrupa Birliği Yönergesi, 2011/36/EU. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0036&from=en, Erişim tarihi: 22 Mart 2021.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. Strategic Engagement for Gender Equality 2016-2019. 3 Aralık 2015a. https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/sites/default/files/strategic_engagement_for_gender_equality_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12 Nisan 2021.
  • ---. Q&A: International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. 24 Kasım 2015b.https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/es/MEMO_15_6150, Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2021.
  • ---. Istanbul Convention: Combatting Violence Against Women. Mart 2016a. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/factsheet_istanbul_convention_web_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 26 Şubat 2021.
  • ---. Proposal for a Council Decision on the Conclusion, by the European Union, of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. 4 Mart 2016b. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0109, Erişim tarihi: 11 Mart 2021.
  • ---. EU and UN Team Up to Eliminate Violence Against Women and Girls. 20 Eylül 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_3306, Erişim tarihi: 26 Şubat 2021.
  • ---. Strategic Engagement for Gender Equality 2020-2025. 5 Mart 2020a. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0152, Erişim tarihi: 1 Mayıs 2021.
  • ---. Gender-based and Domestic Violence Initiative. 16 Aralık 2020b. Combating gender-based violence – protecting victims and punishing offenders (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 1 Mayıs 2021.
  • ---. 2021 Commission Work Programme – From Strategy to Delivery. 19 Ekim 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1940, Erişim tarihi: 1 Mayıs 2021.
  • Avrupa Konseyi. Explanatory Report to the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. 21 Mayıs 2011. https://rm.coe.int/16800d383a, Erişim tarihi: 11 Mart 2021.
  • ---. EU Signs Council of Europe Convention to Stop Violence Against Women. 13 Haziran 2017. https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/home/-/asset_publisher/ke6Wfgn94238/content/eu-signs-council-of-europe-convention-to-stop-violence-against-women, Erişim tarihi: 13 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Parlamentosu. Resolution on Violence on Women. 11 Haziran 1986. ARCDOC (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 26 Mart 2021.
  • ---. Resolution on the Elimination of Violence Against Women. 29 Kasım 2009. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/B-7-2009-0139_EN.html, ARCDOC (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 26 Mart 2021.
  • ---. European Added Value Assessment: Combatting Violence Against Women. No. 3, Kasım 2013. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2013/504467/IPOL-JOIN_ET(2013)504467_EN.pdf, ARCDOC (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 26 Mart 2021.
  • ---. Mapping the Cost of Non-Europe 2014-2019. Mart 2014. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/510983/IPOL-EAVA_ET(2014)510983_EN.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 4 Mart 2021.
  • ---. EU Accession to the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. 12 Eylül 2017. TA (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 10 Mart 2021.
  • ---. The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis and Post-Crisis Period. Eylül 2020a. The gendered impact of the Covid-19 crisis and post-crisis period - Think Tank (europa.eu), Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2021.
  • ---. EU Accession to the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women ('Istanbul Convention'). Aralık 2020b. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-area-of-justice-and-fundamental-rights/file-eu-accession-to-the-istanbul-convention, Erişim tarihi: 28 Nisan 2021.
  • Avrupa Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Enstitüsü. Estimating the Costs of Gender-Based Violence in the European Union: Report. 5 Aralık 2014. https://eige.europa.eu/node/393, Erişim tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021.
  • ---. Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls. 23 Haziran 2017. https://eige.europa.eu/publications/cyber-violence-against-women-and-girls, Erişim tarihi: 22 Nisan 2021. Balogh, L. (2020). The Ratification Status of the Council of Europe's Istanbul Convention Among EU Member States. MTA Law Working Papers, No. 7.
  • Benlolo-Carabot, M, ve diğerleri. (2013). “Assessing the Necessity and Effects of Intervention at EU Level”. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3e51181b-3608-4ea0-a7ae-d6dd7c8b0d68, Erişim tarihi: 27 Şubat 2021.
  • Bermúdez, M. P. ve M. Meléndez-Domínguez. (2020). Epidemiological Analysis of Gender Violence in the European Union. Annals of Psychology. 36(3), 380-385.
  • Brussels Time. Politicians Pressures the EU to Make Violence Against Women A Crime. 16 Ekim 2020. https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/eu-affairs/136121/istanbul-convention-violence-against-women-domestic-gender-based-istanbul-convention-european-parliament-european-union-poland-hungary-turkey-milan-brglez-predrag-matic/, Erişim tarihi: 2 Mayıs 2021.
  • Cornu, E. (2013). The Impact of Council of Europe Standards on the European Union. R. A. Wessel and S. Blockmans (der.), Between Autonomy and Dependence, Springer, 113-129.
  • De Vido, S. (2017). The Ratification of the Council of Europe Istanbul Convention by the EU: A Step Forward in the Protectıon of Women From Violence in the European Legal System. European Journal of Legal Studies, 9(2), 69-102.
  • Douglas-Scott, S. (2011). The European Union and Human Rights after the Treaty of Lisbon, Human Rights Law Review, 11(4), 645-682.
  • Elman, R. A. (2020). The European Union and Violence Against Women: Fundamental Rights and Con Games. Dignity, 5(3), 1-12.
  • Freixes, T. ve Laura R. (2014). Presentation. Teresa Freixes ve Laura Román (Der.) Protection of the gender-based violence victims in the European Union, Publicacions Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 7-8.
  • Hungary Today. Parliament Adopts Declaration Rejecting Istanbul Convention. 5 Mayıs 2020. https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-istanbul-convention-parliament-declaration/, Erişim tarihi: 2 Mayıs 2021.
  • İstanbul Sözleşmesi (Kadınlara Yönelik Şiddet ve Aile İçi Şiddetin Önlenmesi ve Bunlarla Mücadeleye İlişkin Avrupa Konseyi Sözleşmesi). 7 Nisan 2011. https://www.coe.int/en/web/istanbul-convention/text-of-the-convention, Erişim tarihi: 23 Mart 2021.
  • Jankovic, S. ve Z. Mrsevic. (2018). Istanbul Convention - Obligation or Needs. 9th DQM Conference, 253-259.
  • Jurasz, O. (2015). The Istanbul Convention: A New Chapter in Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women. Australian Law Journal, 89(9), 619–627.
  • Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele İçin Avrupa Koalisyonu. The Istanbul Convention: A Vital Opportunity to End Violence Against Women!. Şubat 2018. european_coalition_factsheet_istanbul_convention_feburary_2018.pdf (womenlobby.org), Erişim tarihi: 12 Nisan 2021.
  • Montoya, C. ve L. R. Agustin. (2013). The Othering of Domestic Violence: The EU and Cultural Framings of Violence against Women. Social Politics, 20(4), 534-557.
  • Nalutsyshyn, V., ve diğerleri. (2020). Features of the Impact of Cooperation Between the Council of Europe and the European Union on the Development of Modern International Law. International Journal of Management, 11(6), 180-190.
  • Squire, I. (2018). Gender ideology and the Istanbul Convention in Bulgaria. Aalborg Universitet Ms Thesis, 2018.
  • Stubbs, P. ve N. Lendvai-Bainton. (2019). Authoritarian Neoliberalism, Radical Conservatism and Social Policy within the European Union: Croatia, Hungary and Poland. Development and Change, 1-21.
  • Sumbas, A. ve B. Koyuncu. (2019). Women’s Empowerment on A Local Level in Turkey: The Case of Violence Against Women. Turkish Studies, 20(2), 249-272.
  • Şahin, M. (2020). Dünyada Toplumsal Cinsiyet Karşıtı (Anti-Gender) Hareketler. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(3), 654-670.
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There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Seven Erdoğan 0000-0001-9991-2074

Project Number -
Publication Date September 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erdoğan, S. (2021). Avrupa Birliğinin İstanbul Sözleşmesine Katılım Süreci: Yeni Bir Ulusüstücülük- Hükümetlerarasıcılık Rekabeti mi?. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 311-334. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.961392