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A Lesser-Known Diagnosis 'Schizotypal Personality Disorder': A Review

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 14 - 35, 29.12.2023

Umutcan Altunkaya Cicek Hocaoglu

Abstract

Schizotypal personality disorder, a subtype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, is also known as schizotypy in the literature. It is defined by suspicious thinking, social withdrawal, restricted affect, eccentric behaviors, and speech. The disorder is considered rare, affecting approximately 3% of the population. Childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors are significant determinants in the development of schizotypal personality disorder. Certain distinguishing criteria can help differentiate schizotypal personality disorder from autism and schizophrenia. It can be challenging to differentiate this disorder from other conditions like autism and schizophrenia due to overlapping diagnostic criteria, leading to possible misdiagnosis. Therefore, applying differential diagnoses becomes crucial in preventing these cases. Neuroimaging findings play a vital role in differential diagnosis. Dopamine release and shrinkage in the frontal and temporal regions provide insight into this disorder. The treatment of schizotypal personality disorder includes both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Pharmacotherapy is administered to alleviate any symptoms that may manifest during psychotherapy, which is predominantly focused on cognitive therapy. Thus, the objective is to enhance the individual's functionality and minimize other schizotypal traits.

Keywords

Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) Schizotypy Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

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Az Bilinen Bir Konu 'Şizotipal Kişilik Bozukluğu': Bir Gözden Geçirme

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 14 - 35, 29.12.2023

Umutcan Altunkaya Cicek Hocaoglu

Abstract

Şizofreni spektrum bozukluklarının bir alt tipi olan şizotipal kişilik bozukluğu, literatürde şizotipi olarak da bilinmektedir. Şüpheli düşünme, sosyal geri çekilme, kısıtlı duygulanım, eksantrik davranışlar ve konuşma ile tanımlanır. Bozukluğun nadir görüldüğü ve toplumun yaklaşık %3'ünü etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Çocukluk yaşantıları, genetik yatkınlık ve çevresel faktörler şizotipal kişilik bozukluğunun gelişiminde önemli belirleyicilerdir. Belirli ayırt edici kriterler şizotipal kişilik bozukluğunu otizm ve şizofreniden ayırmaya yardımcı olabilir. Tanı kriterlerinin örtüşmesi nedeniyle bu bozukluğu otizm ve şizofreni gibi diğer durumlardan ayırt etmek zor olabilir ve bu da olası yanlış tanılara yol açabilir. Bu nedenle, ayırıcı tanıların uygulanması bu vakaların önlenmesinde çok önemli hale gelmektedir. Nörogörüntüleme bulguları ayırıcı tanıda hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. Frontal ve temporal bölgelerdeki dopamin salınımı ve büzüşme bu bozukluk hakkında fikir vermektedir. Şizotipal kişilik bozukluğunun tedavisi hem farmakoterapi hem de psikoterapiyi içerir. Farmakoterapi, ağırlıklı olarak bilişsel terapiye odaklanan psikoterapi sırasında ortaya çıkabilecek semptomları hafifletmek için uygulanır. Böylece amaç, bireyin işlevselliğini artırmak ve diğer şizotipal özellikleri en aza indirmektir.

Keywords

Şizotipal Kişilik Bozukluğu (ŞTKB) Şizotipi Şizofreni Spektrum Bozukluğu

References

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  • Apthorp, D., Bolbecker, A. R., Bartolomeo, L. A., O’Donnell, B. F., ve Hetrick, W. P. (2019). Postural sway abnormalities in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 45(3), 512-521. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby141
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  • Cheli, S., Cavalletti, V., Lysaker, P. H., Dimaggio, G., Petrocchi, N., Chiarello, F., ... ve Goldzweig, G. (2023). A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing a novel compassion and metacognition approach for schizotypal personality disorder with a combination of cognitive therapy and psychopharmacological treatment. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04610-5
  • Cheli, S., Lysaker, P. H., ve Dimaggio, G. (2019). Metacognitively oriented psychotherapy for schizotypal personality disorder: A two‐case series. Personality and mental health, 13(3), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1447
  • Çaresiz, D., ve Faraji, H. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminin Kişilik Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerdeki Olası Etkilerine Dair Bir Değerlendirme. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 264-284. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1053922
  • Çuvadar Baş, Y. (2023). Hastane Öncesi Psikiyatrik Aciller . Hastane Öncesi Dergisi , 8(1), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1228744
  • Deniz, D. (2017). Kişilik bozukluklarında tanı güvenirliği ve cezai sorumluluk. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 22(2), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.2017228029
  • Ertan, E. A., ve Cankorur, V. Ş. (2017). Kişilik bozukluklarının tanısı: yeni bulgular ile tanıda kullanılan anket ve ölçekler. Kriz Dergisi, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1501/Kriz_0000000354
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  • Grant, P. M., Huh, G. A., Perivoliotis, D., Stolar, N. M., ve Beck, A. T. (2012). Randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive therapy for low-functioning patients with schizophrenia. Archives of general psychiatry, 69(2), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.129
  • Hazlett, E. A., Buchsbaum, M. S., Haznedar, M. M., Newmark, R., Goldstein, K. E., Zelmanova, Y., ... ve Siever, L. J. (2008). Cortical gray and white matter volume in unmedicated schizotypal and schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia research, 101(1-3), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.472
  • Hazlett, E. A., Rothstein, E. G., Ferreira, R., Silverman, J. M., Siever, L. J., ve Olincy, A. (2015). Sensory gating disturbances in the spectrum: Similarities and differences in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia research, 161(2-3), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.020
  • Kart, A., Özdel, K., ve Türkçapar, M. H. (2021). Şizofreni tedavisinde bilişsel davranışçı terapi. Nöropsikiatri Arşivi, 58, 61-65. https://doi.org/10.29399/npa.27418
  • Kety, S. S., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P. H., ve Schulsinger, F. (1968). The types and prevalence of mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted schizophrenics. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 6, 345-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(68)90026-5
  • Kirchner, S. K., Roeh, A., Nolden, J., ve Hasan, A. (2018). Diagnosis and treatment of schizotypal personality disorder: evidence from a systematic review. NPJ schizophrenia, 4(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-018-0062-8
  • Köse, H. (2023). Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk tanısı alan hastalarda hastalık şiddetinin psikotik semptomlar, şizotipal kişilik özellikleri, dissosiyasyon, ve çocukluk çağı travmaları ile ilişkisi [Yayımlanmamış uzmanlık tezi]. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi.
  • Kuperberg, G. R., Broome, M. R., McGuire, P. K., David, A. S., Eddy, M., Ozawa, F., ... ve Fischl, B. (2003). Regionally localized thinning of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia. Archives of general psychiatry, 60(9), 878-888. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.878
  • Lewandowski, K. E., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Nelson-Gray, R. O., Clancy, C., Kepley, H. O., ve Kwapil, T. R. (2006). Anxiety and depression symptoms in psychometrically identified schizotypy. Schizophrenia research, 83(2-3), 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.11.024
  • Linscott, R. J., ve Morton, S. E. (2018). The latent taxonicity of schizotypy in biological siblings of probands with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(4), 922-932. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx143
  • Lieberman, J. A., Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Swartz, M. S., Rosenheck, R. A., Perkins, D. O., ... ve Hsiao, J. K. (2005). Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. New England journal of medicine, 353(12), 1209-1223. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa051688
  • Lysaker, P. H., Cheli, S., Dimaggio, G., Buck, B., Bonfils, K. A., Huling, K., ... ve Lysaker, J. T. (2021). Metacognition, social cognition, and mentalizing in psychosis: are these distinct constructs when it comes to subjective experience or are we just splitting hairs?. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03338-4
  • Meehl P. E. (1962) Schizotaxia, Schizotypy, Schizophrenia, American Psychologist, 17,827-838. McClure, M. M., Graff, F., Triebwasser, J., Perez-Rodriguez, M., Rosell, D. R., Koenigsberg, H., ... ve New, A. S. (2019). Guanfacine augmentation of a combined intervention of computerized cognitive remediation therapy and social skills training for schizotypal personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(4), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030349
  • Machón, R. A., Huttunen, M. O., Mednick, S. A., Sinivuo, J., Tanskanen, A., Watson, J. B., ... ve Pyhälä, R. (2002). Adult schizotypal personality characteristics and prenatal influenza in a Finnish birth cohort. Schizophrenia research, 54(1-2), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00346-2
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Umutcan Altunkaya 0009-0004-7960-3273

Cicek Hocaoglu 0000-0001-6613-4317

Publication Date December 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Altunkaya, U., & Hocaoglu, C. (2023). Az Bilinen Bir Konu ’Şizotipal Kişilik Bozukluğu’: Bir Gözden Geçirme. Klinik Ve Ruh Sağlığı Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 3(2), 14-35.
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