Review
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Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 543 - 563, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1323722

Abstract

Although many studies have demonstrated whether movement tempo, a training variable during resistance exercise, has an effect on muscle performance, there are still gray areas related to muscle hypertrophy and muscular fitness in different populations. The aim of this narrative systematic review was to investigate the effect of movement tempo on muscular performance such as maximal strength, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, muscle power and muscular endurance in resistance training performed at specific frequencies. Three electronic databases were searched using terms related to movement tempo and resistance training. The included studies were those published in English using randomized and non-randomized comparative dynamic resistance exercise interventions in healthy adults. The results suggest that changing the tempo of movement during resistance training may have an effect on muscle hypertrophy, but the results are not conclusive. There are conflicting research results, although faster tempos seem to be advantageous in terms of power outcomes at different movement tempos. More studies are needed to evaluate muscular endurance performance in terms of movement tempo. Differences in the size of the muscles studied, the structure of the training programs, and the standardization of the experimental approach and data collection tools used may partially explain the inconsistency in the results between tempos in different contraction phases or in the same contraction phases.

References

  • Armstrong, R., Baltzopoulos, V., Langan-Evans, C., Clark, D., Jarvis, J., Stewart, C., & O’Brien, T. D. (2022). Determining concentric and eccentric force–velocity profiles during squatting. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(3), 769-779.
  • Azevedo, P. H., Oliveira, M. G., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2022). Effect of different eccentric tempos on hypertrophy and strength of the lower limbs. Biology of Sport, 39(2), 443-449.
  • Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (Eds.). (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Human kinetics.
  • Bird, S. P., Tarpenning, K. M., & Marino, F. E. (2005). Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness: a review of the acute programme variables. Sports medicine, 35, 841-851.
  • Bompa, T. O., & Haff, G. G. (2009). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training.[5-th Edition]. Champaign, IL, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Borde, R., Hortobágyi, T., & Granacher, U. (2015). Dose–response relationships of resistance training in healthy old adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 45, 1693-1720.
  • Bottaro, M., Machado, S. N., Nogueira, W., Scales, R., & Veloso, J. (2007). Effect of high versus low-velocity resistance training on muscular fitness and functional performance in older men. European journal of applied physiology, 99, 257-264.
  • Byrne, C., Faure, C., Keene, D. J., & Lamb, S. E. (2016). Ageing, muscle power and physical function: a systematic review and implications for pragmatic training interventions. Sports Medicine, 46, 1311-1332.
  • Carlson, L., Jonker, B., Westcott, W. L., Steele, J., & Fisher, J. P. (2019). Neither repetition duration nor number of muscle actions affect strength increases, body composition, muscle size, or fasted blood glucose in trained males and females. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 44(2), 200-207.
  • Chaves, T. S., & de Campos Biazon, P. (2020). Marcelino Eder Dos Santos L, Libardi CA. Effects of resistance training with controlled versus self-selected repetition duration on muscle mass and strength in untrained men. PeerJ, 8, e8697.
  • Chodzko-Zajko, W., & American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). ACSM's exercise for older adults. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Claflin, D. R., Larkin, L. M., Cederna, P. S., Horowitz, J. F., Alexander, N. B., Cole, N. M., ... & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2011). Effects of high-and low-velocity resistance training on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle fibers from young and older humans. Journal of applied physiology, 111(4), 1021-1030.
  • da Rosa Orssatto, L. B., Cadore, E. L., Andersen, L. L., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2019). Why fast velocity resistance training should be prioritized for elderly people. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 41(1), 105-114.
  • Davies, T. B., Kuang, K., Orr, R., Halaki, M., & Hackett, D. (2017). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on dynamic muscular strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 47, 1603-1617. Diniz, R. C., Tourino, F. D., Lacerda, L. T., Martins-Costa, H. C., Lanza, M. B., Lima, F. V., & Chagas, M. H. (2022). Does the muscle action duration induce different regional muscle hypertrophy in matched resistance training protocols?. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research.
  • Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998). The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. Journal of epidemiology & community health, 52(6), 377-384.
  • Fielding, R. A., LeBrasseur, N. K., Cuoco, A., Bean, J., Mizer, K., & Singh, M. A. F. (2002). High‐velocity resistance training increases skeletal muscle peak power in older women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(4), 655-662.
  • Fisher, J. P., Blossom, D., & Steele, J. (2016). A comparison of volume-equated knee extensions to failure, or not to failure, upon rating of perceived exertion and strength adaptations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(2), 168-174.
  • Fonseca, R. M., Roschel, H., Tricoli, V., de Souza, E. O., Wilson, J. M., Laurentino, G. C., ... & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2014). Changes in exercises are more effective than in loading schemes to improve muscle strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(11), 3085-3092
  • Gillies, E. M., Putman, C. T., & Bell, G. J. (2006). The effect of varying the time of concentric and eccentric muscle actions during resistance training on skeletal muscle adaptations in women. European journal of applied physiology, 97, 443-453.
  • Gois, M. O., Campoy, F. A., Alves, T., Ávila, R. P., Vanderlei, L., & Pastre, C. M. (2014). The influence of resistance exercise with emphasis on specific contractions (concentric vs. eccentric) on muscle strength and post-exercise autonomic modulation: a randomized clinical trial. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 18, 30-37.
  • Hackett, D. A., Davies, T. B., Orr, R., Kuang, K., & Halaki, M. (2018). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on muscle-specific hypertrophy: A systematic review. European journal of sport science, 18(4), 473-482.
  • Herman-Montemayor, J. R., Hikida, R. S., & Staron, R. S. (2015). Early-phase satellite cell and myonuclear domain adaptations to slow-speed vs. traditional resistance training programs. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(11), 3105-3114.
  • Hoffman, J. (2014). Physiological aspects of sport training and performance. Human Kinetics.
  • Keeler, L. K., Finkelstein, L. H., Miller, W., & Fernhall, B. O. (2001). Early-Phase Adaptations Of Traditional-Speed Vs. Superslow Resistance Training On Strength And Aerobic Capacity In Sedentary Individuals. The Journal Of Strength & Conditioning Research, 15(3), 309-314.
  • Lacerda, L. T., Martins-Costa, H. C., Diniz, R. C., Lima, F. V., Andrade, A. G., Tourino, F. D., & Chagas, M. H. (2016). Variations in repetition duration and repetition numbers influence muscular activation and blood lactate response in protocols equalized by time under tension. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(1), 251-258.
  • Lee, S., & Kuk, J. L. (2013). Changes in fat and skeletal muscle with exercise training in obese adolescents: comparison of whole‐body MRI and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Obesity, 21(10), 2063-2071.
  • Liow, D. K., & Hopkins, W. G. (2003). Velocity specificity of weight training for kayak sprint performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 35(7), 1232-1237.
  • Lu, W., Du, Z., & Zhou, A. (2023). Fast and Medium Tempo Resistance Training with a Low Number of Repetitions in Trained Men: Effects on Maximal Strength and Power Output. Journal of Human Kinetics, 87, 157.
  • Mazzetti, S., Douglass, M., Yocum, A., & Harber, M. (2007). Effect of explosive versus slow contractions and exercise intensity on energy expenditure. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 39(8), 1291.
  • Mike JN, Cole N, Herrera C, et al.(2017) The effects of eccentric contraction duration on muscle strength, power production, vertical jump, and soreness. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31: 773–786.
  • Mookerjee, S., & Ratamess, N. (1999). Comparison of strength differences and joint action durations between full and partial range-of-motion bench press exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 13(1), 76-81.
  • Moreno-Villanueva, A., Pino-Ortega, J., & Rico-González, M. (2022). Effect of repetition duration—total and in different muscle actions—on the development of strength, power, and muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 44(5), 39-56.
  • Morrissey, M. C., Harman, E. A., Frykman, P. N., & Han, K. H. (1998). Early phase differential effects of slow and fast barbell squat training. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 221-230.
  • Munn, J., Herbert, R. D., Hancock, M. J., & Gandevia, S. C. (2005). Resistance training for strength: effect of number of sets and contraction speed. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(9), 1622-1626.
  • Neils, C. M., Udermann, B. E., Brice, G. A., Winchester, J. B., & McGuigan, M. R. (2005). Influence of contraction velocity in untrained individuals over the initial early phase of resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(4), 883-887.
  • Nelson, M. E., Fiatarone, M. A., Layne, J. E., Trice, I., Economos, C. D., Fielding, R. A., ... & Evans, W. J. (1996). Analysis of body-composition techniques and models for detecting change in soft tissue with strength training. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 63(5), 678-686.
  • Nogueira, W., Gentil, P., Mello, S. N., Oliveira, R. J., Bezerra, A. J., & Bottaro, M. (2009). Effects of power training on muscle thickness of older men. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(3), 200–204.
  • Ogborn, D., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2014). The role of fiber types in muscle hypertrophy: implications for loading strategies. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 36(2), 20-25.
  • Pareja-Blanco, F., Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Sánchez-Medina, L., Gorostiaga, E. M., & González- Badillo, J. J. (2014). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. International journal of sports medicine, 916-924.
  • Pereira, P. E. A., Motoyama, Y. L., Esteves, G. J., Quinelato, W. C., Botter, L., Tanaka, K. H., & Azevedo, P. (2016). Resistance training with slow speed of movement is better for hypertrophy and muscle strength gains than fast speed of movement. International journal of applied exercise physiology, 5(2).
  • Pozzo, M., & Impellizzeri, F. (2022). Applied Physics to Understand Resistance Training. Resistance Training Methods: From Theory to Practice, 3-28.
  • Rana, S. R., Chleboun, G. S., Gilders, R. M., Hagerman, F. C., Herman, J. R., Hikida, R. S., ... & Toma, K. (2008). Comparison of early phase adaptations for traditional strength and endurance, and low velocity resistance training programs in college-aged women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 119-127.
  • Rogatzki, M. J., Wright, G. A., Mikat, R. P., & Brice, A. G. (2014). Blood ammonium and lactate accumulation response to different training protocols using the parallel squat exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(4), 1113-1118.
  • Schoenfeld, B. J. (2020). Science and development of muscle hypertrophy. Human Kinetics. Schoenfeld, B. J., Ogborn, D. I., & Krieger, J. W. (2015). Effect of repetition duration during resistance training on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45, 577-585.
  • Schuenke, M. D., Herman, J. R., Gliders, R. M., Hagerman, F. C., Hikida, R. S., Rana, S. R.,Staron, R. S. (2012). Early-phase muscular adaptations in response to slow-speed versus traditional resistance-training regimens. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(10), 3585–3595.
  • Signorile, J. F., Lew, K. M., Stoutenberg, M., Pluchino, A., Lewis, J. E., & Gao, J. (2014). Range of motion and leg rotation affect electromyography activation levels of the superficial quadriceps muscles during leg extension. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2536-2545.
  • Tanimoto, M., & Ishii, N. (2006). Effects of low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular function in young men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(4), 1150-1157.
  • Tanimoto, M., Sanada, K., Yamamoto, K., Kawano, H., Gando, Y., Tabata, I., & Miyachi, M. (2008). Effects of whole-body low-intensity resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular size and strength in young men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1926-1938.
  • Tavoian, D., Ampomah, K., Amano, S., Law, T. D., & Clark, B. C. (2019). Changes in DXA-derived lean mass and MRI-derived cross-sectional area of the thigh are modestly associated. Scientific reports, 9(1), 10028.
  • Ter Haar Romeny, B. M., Van Der Gon, J. D., & Gielen, C. C. A. M. (1982). Changes in recruitment order of motor units in the human biceps muscle. Experimental neurology ,78(2), 360-368.
  • Tomeleri, C. M., Ribeiro, A. S., Nunes, J. P., Schoenfeld, B. J., Souza, M. F., Schiavoni, D., ... & Cyrino, E. S. (2020). Influence of resistance training exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(11), 3103-3109.
  • Ünlü, G., Çevikol, C., & Melekoglu, T. (2020). Comparison of the effects of eccentric, concentric, and eccentric-concentric isotonic resistance training at two velocities on strength and muscle hypertrophy. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(2), 337-344.
  • Usui, S., Maeo, S., Tayashiki, K., Nakatani, M., & Kanehisa, H. (2015). Low-load slow movement squat training increases muscle size and strength but not power. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 305-312.
  • Watanabe, Y., Tanimoto, M., Ohgane, A., Sanada, K., Miyachi, M., & Ishii, N. (2013). Increased muscle size and strength from slow-movement, low-intensity resistance exercise and tonic force generation. Journal of aging and physical activity, 21(1), 71-84.
  • Wilk, M., Zajac, A., & Tufano, J. J. (2021). The influence of movement tempo during resistance training on muscular strength and hypertrophy responses: a review. Sports medicine, 51(8), 1629-1650.
Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 543 - 563, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1323722

Abstract

References

  • Armstrong, R., Baltzopoulos, V., Langan-Evans, C., Clark, D., Jarvis, J., Stewart, C., & O’Brien, T. D. (2022). Determining concentric and eccentric force–velocity profiles during squatting. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(3), 769-779.
  • Azevedo, P. H., Oliveira, M. G., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2022). Effect of different eccentric tempos on hypertrophy and strength of the lower limbs. Biology of Sport, 39(2), 443-449.
  • Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (Eds.). (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Human kinetics.
  • Bird, S. P., Tarpenning, K. M., & Marino, F. E. (2005). Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness: a review of the acute programme variables. Sports medicine, 35, 841-851.
  • Bompa, T. O., & Haff, G. G. (2009). Periodization: Theory and methodology of training.[5-th Edition]. Champaign, IL, USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Borde, R., Hortobágyi, T., & Granacher, U. (2015). Dose–response relationships of resistance training in healthy old adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 45, 1693-1720.
  • Bottaro, M., Machado, S. N., Nogueira, W., Scales, R., & Veloso, J. (2007). Effect of high versus low-velocity resistance training on muscular fitness and functional performance in older men. European journal of applied physiology, 99, 257-264.
  • Byrne, C., Faure, C., Keene, D. J., & Lamb, S. E. (2016). Ageing, muscle power and physical function: a systematic review and implications for pragmatic training interventions. Sports Medicine, 46, 1311-1332.
  • Carlson, L., Jonker, B., Westcott, W. L., Steele, J., & Fisher, J. P. (2019). Neither repetition duration nor number of muscle actions affect strength increases, body composition, muscle size, or fasted blood glucose in trained males and females. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 44(2), 200-207.
  • Chaves, T. S., & de Campos Biazon, P. (2020). Marcelino Eder Dos Santos L, Libardi CA. Effects of resistance training with controlled versus self-selected repetition duration on muscle mass and strength in untrained men. PeerJ, 8, e8697.
  • Chodzko-Zajko, W., & American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). ACSM's exercise for older adults. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Claflin, D. R., Larkin, L. M., Cederna, P. S., Horowitz, J. F., Alexander, N. B., Cole, N. M., ... & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2011). Effects of high-and low-velocity resistance training on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle fibers from young and older humans. Journal of applied physiology, 111(4), 1021-1030.
  • da Rosa Orssatto, L. B., Cadore, E. L., Andersen, L. L., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2019). Why fast velocity resistance training should be prioritized for elderly people. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 41(1), 105-114.
  • Davies, T. B., Kuang, K., Orr, R., Halaki, M., & Hackett, D. (2017). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on dynamic muscular strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 47, 1603-1617. Diniz, R. C., Tourino, F. D., Lacerda, L. T., Martins-Costa, H. C., Lanza, M. B., Lima, F. V., & Chagas, M. H. (2022). Does the muscle action duration induce different regional muscle hypertrophy in matched resistance training protocols?. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research.
  • Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998). The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. Journal of epidemiology & community health, 52(6), 377-384.
  • Fielding, R. A., LeBrasseur, N. K., Cuoco, A., Bean, J., Mizer, K., & Singh, M. A. F. (2002). High‐velocity resistance training increases skeletal muscle peak power in older women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(4), 655-662.
  • Fisher, J. P., Blossom, D., & Steele, J. (2016). A comparison of volume-equated knee extensions to failure, or not to failure, upon rating of perceived exertion and strength adaptations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(2), 168-174.
  • Fonseca, R. M., Roschel, H., Tricoli, V., de Souza, E. O., Wilson, J. M., Laurentino, G. C., ... & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2014). Changes in exercises are more effective than in loading schemes to improve muscle strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(11), 3085-3092
  • Gillies, E. M., Putman, C. T., & Bell, G. J. (2006). The effect of varying the time of concentric and eccentric muscle actions during resistance training on skeletal muscle adaptations in women. European journal of applied physiology, 97, 443-453.
  • Gois, M. O., Campoy, F. A., Alves, T., Ávila, R. P., Vanderlei, L., & Pastre, C. M. (2014). The influence of resistance exercise with emphasis on specific contractions (concentric vs. eccentric) on muscle strength and post-exercise autonomic modulation: a randomized clinical trial. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 18, 30-37.
  • Hackett, D. A., Davies, T. B., Orr, R., Kuang, K., & Halaki, M. (2018). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on muscle-specific hypertrophy: A systematic review. European journal of sport science, 18(4), 473-482.
  • Herman-Montemayor, J. R., Hikida, R. S., & Staron, R. S. (2015). Early-phase satellite cell and myonuclear domain adaptations to slow-speed vs. traditional resistance training programs. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(11), 3105-3114.
  • Hoffman, J. (2014). Physiological aspects of sport training and performance. Human Kinetics.
  • Keeler, L. K., Finkelstein, L. H., Miller, W., & Fernhall, B. O. (2001). Early-Phase Adaptations Of Traditional-Speed Vs. Superslow Resistance Training On Strength And Aerobic Capacity In Sedentary Individuals. The Journal Of Strength & Conditioning Research, 15(3), 309-314.
  • Lacerda, L. T., Martins-Costa, H. C., Diniz, R. C., Lima, F. V., Andrade, A. G., Tourino, F. D., & Chagas, M. H. (2016). Variations in repetition duration and repetition numbers influence muscular activation and blood lactate response in protocols equalized by time under tension. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(1), 251-258.
  • Lee, S., & Kuk, J. L. (2013). Changes in fat and skeletal muscle with exercise training in obese adolescents: comparison of whole‐body MRI and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Obesity, 21(10), 2063-2071.
  • Liow, D. K., & Hopkins, W. G. (2003). Velocity specificity of weight training for kayak sprint performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 35(7), 1232-1237.
  • Lu, W., Du, Z., & Zhou, A. (2023). Fast and Medium Tempo Resistance Training with a Low Number of Repetitions in Trained Men: Effects on Maximal Strength and Power Output. Journal of Human Kinetics, 87, 157.
  • Mazzetti, S., Douglass, M., Yocum, A., & Harber, M. (2007). Effect of explosive versus slow contractions and exercise intensity on energy expenditure. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 39(8), 1291.
  • Mike JN, Cole N, Herrera C, et al.(2017) The effects of eccentric contraction duration on muscle strength, power production, vertical jump, and soreness. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31: 773–786.
  • Mookerjee, S., & Ratamess, N. (1999). Comparison of strength differences and joint action durations between full and partial range-of-motion bench press exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 13(1), 76-81.
  • Moreno-Villanueva, A., Pino-Ortega, J., & Rico-González, M. (2022). Effect of repetition duration—total and in different muscle actions—on the development of strength, power, and muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 44(5), 39-56.
  • Morrissey, M. C., Harman, E. A., Frykman, P. N., & Han, K. H. (1998). Early phase differential effects of slow and fast barbell squat training. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 221-230.
  • Munn, J., Herbert, R. D., Hancock, M. J., & Gandevia, S. C. (2005). Resistance training for strength: effect of number of sets and contraction speed. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(9), 1622-1626.
  • Neils, C. M., Udermann, B. E., Brice, G. A., Winchester, J. B., & McGuigan, M. R. (2005). Influence of contraction velocity in untrained individuals over the initial early phase of resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(4), 883-887.
  • Nelson, M. E., Fiatarone, M. A., Layne, J. E., Trice, I., Economos, C. D., Fielding, R. A., ... & Evans, W. J. (1996). Analysis of body-composition techniques and models for detecting change in soft tissue with strength training. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 63(5), 678-686.
  • Nogueira, W., Gentil, P., Mello, S. N., Oliveira, R. J., Bezerra, A. J., & Bottaro, M. (2009). Effects of power training on muscle thickness of older men. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(3), 200–204.
  • Ogborn, D., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2014). The role of fiber types in muscle hypertrophy: implications for loading strategies. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 36(2), 20-25.
  • Pareja-Blanco, F., Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Sánchez-Medina, L., Gorostiaga, E. M., & González- Badillo, J. J. (2014). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. International journal of sports medicine, 916-924.
  • Pereira, P. E. A., Motoyama, Y. L., Esteves, G. J., Quinelato, W. C., Botter, L., Tanaka, K. H., & Azevedo, P. (2016). Resistance training with slow speed of movement is better for hypertrophy and muscle strength gains than fast speed of movement. International journal of applied exercise physiology, 5(2).
  • Pozzo, M., & Impellizzeri, F. (2022). Applied Physics to Understand Resistance Training. Resistance Training Methods: From Theory to Practice, 3-28.
  • Rana, S. R., Chleboun, G. S., Gilders, R. M., Hagerman, F. C., Herman, J. R., Hikida, R. S., ... & Toma, K. (2008). Comparison of early phase adaptations for traditional strength and endurance, and low velocity resistance training programs in college-aged women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 119-127.
  • Rogatzki, M. J., Wright, G. A., Mikat, R. P., & Brice, A. G. (2014). Blood ammonium and lactate accumulation response to different training protocols using the parallel squat exercise. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(4), 1113-1118.
  • Schoenfeld, B. J. (2020). Science and development of muscle hypertrophy. Human Kinetics. Schoenfeld, B. J., Ogborn, D. I., & Krieger, J. W. (2015). Effect of repetition duration during resistance training on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45, 577-585.
  • Schuenke, M. D., Herman, J. R., Gliders, R. M., Hagerman, F. C., Hikida, R. S., Rana, S. R.,Staron, R. S. (2012). Early-phase muscular adaptations in response to slow-speed versus traditional resistance-training regimens. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(10), 3585–3595.
  • Signorile, J. F., Lew, K. M., Stoutenberg, M., Pluchino, A., Lewis, J. E., & Gao, J. (2014). Range of motion and leg rotation affect electromyography activation levels of the superficial quadriceps muscles during leg extension. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2536-2545.
  • Tanimoto, M., & Ishii, N. (2006). Effects of low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular function in young men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(4), 1150-1157.
  • Tanimoto, M., Sanada, K., Yamamoto, K., Kawano, H., Gando, Y., Tabata, I., & Miyachi, M. (2008). Effects of whole-body low-intensity resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation on muscular size and strength in young men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1926-1938.
  • Tavoian, D., Ampomah, K., Amano, S., Law, T. D., & Clark, B. C. (2019). Changes in DXA-derived lean mass and MRI-derived cross-sectional area of the thigh are modestly associated. Scientific reports, 9(1), 10028.
  • Ter Haar Romeny, B. M., Van Der Gon, J. D., & Gielen, C. C. A. M. (1982). Changes in recruitment order of motor units in the human biceps muscle. Experimental neurology ,78(2), 360-368.
  • Tomeleri, C. M., Ribeiro, A. S., Nunes, J. P., Schoenfeld, B. J., Souza, M. F., Schiavoni, D., ... & Cyrino, E. S. (2020). Influence of resistance training exercise order on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and anabolic hormones in older women: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(11), 3103-3109.
  • Ünlü, G., Çevikol, C., & Melekoglu, T. (2020). Comparison of the effects of eccentric, concentric, and eccentric-concentric isotonic resistance training at two velocities on strength and muscle hypertrophy. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(2), 337-344.
  • Usui, S., Maeo, S., Tayashiki, K., Nakatani, M., & Kanehisa, H. (2015). Low-load slow movement squat training increases muscle size and strength but not power. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 305-312.
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There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Training
Journal Section Review
Authors

Yasin Ersöz 0000-0001-5116-3246

Early Pub Date September 28, 2023
Publication Date October 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ersöz, Y. (2023). Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(3), 543-563. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1323722
AMA Ersöz Y. Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. October 2023;6(3):543-563. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1323722
Chicago Ersöz, Yasin. “Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6, no. 3 (October 2023): 543-63. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1323722.
EndNote Ersöz Y (October 1, 2023) Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 3 543–563.
IEEE Y. Ersöz, “Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 543–563, 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1323722.
ISNAD Ersöz, Yasin. “Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/3 (October 2023), 543-563. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1323722.
JAMA Ersöz Y. Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6:543–563.
MLA Ersöz, Yasin. “Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, 2023, pp. 543-6, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1323722.
Vancouver Ersöz Y. Effect of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Hypertrophy and Muscular Fitness: A Narrative Literature Review. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6(3):543-6.


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