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AB Ülkelerinde Ar-Ge Faaliyetleri ve ICT İhracatının Yatırımlara Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 22 - 31, 31.12.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 2004-2018 periyodu için 25 AB ülkesinde Ar-Ge faaliyetleri ve ICT ihracatının, yatırımlar üzerindeki etkisi iki farklı model kurularak, panel veri analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Her iki modelde de yatırımları temsil eden “Brüt Sabit Sermaye Oluşumu” serisi bağımlı seridir. Ayrıca her iki modelde de tasarrufları temsil eden “GSYİH’nin Yüzdesi Olarak Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Tasarruflar (%)” serisi ve büyümeyi temsil eden “2010 Fiyatlarıyla Dolar Bazında GSYİH” serisi kontrol değişkenleridir. Birinci modelde, Ar-Ge faaliyetinde bulunan araştırmacı sayısının, yatırımlar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; Ar-Ge faaliyetinde bulunan araştırmacı sayısı arttıkça, yatırımların arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. İkinci modelde ise, ICT ihracatının, yatırımlar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda; ICT ihracatının, yatırımlar üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisine rastlanmamıştır.

References

  • Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. (1992). A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction. Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351.
  • Baltagi, B., H. & Wu, P. X. (1999). Uniqually Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR(1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory, 15, 814-823.
  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L., & Narendranathan, W. (1982). Serial Correlation and Fixed Effect Models. The Review of Economic Studies, 49, 533-549.
  • Brynjolfsson, E. (1993). The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology. Communications of the ACM, 36(12), 67-77.
  • Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974). The Small Sample Behavior Of Some Statistics Which Test The Equality Of Several Means. Technometrics, 16, 129-132.
  • Datta, A., & Sumit, A. (2004). Telecommunications and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach. Applied Economics, 36, 1649-1654.
  • Freund, C., & Weinhold, D. (2002). The Internet and International Trade in Services. American Economic Review, 92(2), 236-240.
  • Freund, C. L., & Weinhold, D. (2004). The effect of the Internet on International Trade. Journal of International Economics, 62(1), 171-189.
  • Goel, R. K., Payne, J. E., & Ram, R. (2008). R&D Expenditures and U.S. Economic Growth: A Disaggregated Approach. Journal of Policy Modelling, 30, 237-250.
  • Griliches, Z. (1958). Research Costs and Social Returns: Hybrid Corn And Related İnnovations. Journal of Political Economy, 66, 419-437.
  • Grossman, G.M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(1), 43-61.
  • Gümüş, E., & Çelikay, F. (2015). R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence. The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 9(3), 205-217.
  • Hausman, J. (1978). Specification Test in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271.
  • Inekwe, J. N. (2015). The Contribution of R&D Expenditure to Economic Growth in Developing Economies. Social Indicators Research, 124, 727-745.
  • Jones, C. I. (1995). Time Series Tests of Endogenous Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 495-525.
  • Kim, D. (2007). Information Technology, Economic Growth and Employment: Evidence from Time-Series Analysis. Journal of Applied Business Research, 23(1), 71-78.
  • Kohli, R., & Sherer, S. A. (2002). Measuring Payoff of Information Technology Investments: Research Issues and Guidelines. Communications of the Association of Information Systems, 9, 241-268.
  • Latif, A., Danish, Y. M., Latif, S., Ximei, L., Pathan, A. H., Salam, S., & Jiangiu, Z. (2018). The Dynamics of ICT, Foreign Direct Investment, Globalization and Economic Growth: Panel Estimation Robust to Heterogeneity and Cross-Sectional Depence. Telematics and Informations, 35, 318-328.
  • Levene, H. (1960). Robust Tests For Equality Of Variances. In: Olkin I., Ghurye G., Hoeffding W., Madow W. G. & Mann H. B. (Ed.), Contributions to Probability and Statistics (278-292), Stanford California: Stanford University.
  • Lichtenberg, F. R. (1992). R&D Investment and International Productivity Differences. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 4161, Cambridge: MA National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Marchi, M. D., & Rocchi, M. (2010). Note on R&D Expenditures and Fixed Capital Formation. Scientometrics, 85, 489-494.
  • Mattes, A., Meinen, P., & Pavel, F. (2012). Goods Follow Bytes: The Impact of ICT on EU Trade. German Institute for Economic Research Discussion Papers, 1182, 1-23.
  • Nath, H. K., & Liu, L. (2017). Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Services Trade. Information Economics and Policy, 41, 81-87.
  • OECD (2003). Developments in Growth Literature and Their Relevance for Simulation Models. (Erişim 18.10.2020), http://www.oecd.org/environment/indicators-modelling-outlooks/12549919.pdf
  • Peseran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Discussion Paper, 1240, 1-39.
  • Peseran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
  • Pradhan, R. P., Mallik, G., & T. P. Bagchi (2018). Information Communication Technology (ICT) İnfrastructure and Economic Growth: A Causality Evinced by Cross-Country Panel Data. IIMB Management Review, 30(1), 91-103.
  • Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Samimi, A. J., & Alerasoul, S. M. (2009). R&D and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Some Developing Countries. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 3464-3469.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper and Row.
  • Van Pottelsberghe, P. B., & Guellec, D. (2004). From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do The İnstitutional Settings and The Source of Funds of R&D Matter?. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66(3), 353-78.
  • Visser, R. (2019). The Effect of The Internet on The Margins of Trade. Information Economics and Policy, 46, 41-54.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2018). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 22 - 31, 31.12.2020

Abstract

References

  • Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. (1992). A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction. Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351.
  • Baltagi, B., H. & Wu, P. X. (1999). Uniqually Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR(1) Disturbances. Econometric Theory, 15, 814-823.
  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L., & Narendranathan, W. (1982). Serial Correlation and Fixed Effect Models. The Review of Economic Studies, 49, 533-549.
  • Brynjolfsson, E. (1993). The Productivity Paradox of Information Technology. Communications of the ACM, 36(12), 67-77.
  • Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974). The Small Sample Behavior Of Some Statistics Which Test The Equality Of Several Means. Technometrics, 16, 129-132.
  • Datta, A., & Sumit, A. (2004). Telecommunications and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach. Applied Economics, 36, 1649-1654.
  • Freund, C., & Weinhold, D. (2002). The Internet and International Trade in Services. American Economic Review, 92(2), 236-240.
  • Freund, C. L., & Weinhold, D. (2004). The effect of the Internet on International Trade. Journal of International Economics, 62(1), 171-189.
  • Goel, R. K., Payne, J. E., & Ram, R. (2008). R&D Expenditures and U.S. Economic Growth: A Disaggregated Approach. Journal of Policy Modelling, 30, 237-250.
  • Griliches, Z. (1958). Research Costs and Social Returns: Hybrid Corn And Related İnnovations. Journal of Political Economy, 66, 419-437.
  • Grossman, G.M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(1), 43-61.
  • Gümüş, E., & Çelikay, F. (2015). R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence. The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 9(3), 205-217.
  • Hausman, J. (1978). Specification Test in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271.
  • Inekwe, J. N. (2015). The Contribution of R&D Expenditure to Economic Growth in Developing Economies. Social Indicators Research, 124, 727-745.
  • Jones, C. I. (1995). Time Series Tests of Endogenous Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 495-525.
  • Kim, D. (2007). Information Technology, Economic Growth and Employment: Evidence from Time-Series Analysis. Journal of Applied Business Research, 23(1), 71-78.
  • Kohli, R., & Sherer, S. A. (2002). Measuring Payoff of Information Technology Investments: Research Issues and Guidelines. Communications of the Association of Information Systems, 9, 241-268.
  • Latif, A., Danish, Y. M., Latif, S., Ximei, L., Pathan, A. H., Salam, S., & Jiangiu, Z. (2018). The Dynamics of ICT, Foreign Direct Investment, Globalization and Economic Growth: Panel Estimation Robust to Heterogeneity and Cross-Sectional Depence. Telematics and Informations, 35, 318-328.
  • Levene, H. (1960). Robust Tests For Equality Of Variances. In: Olkin I., Ghurye G., Hoeffding W., Madow W. G. & Mann H. B. (Ed.), Contributions to Probability and Statistics (278-292), Stanford California: Stanford University.
  • Lichtenberg, F. R. (1992). R&D Investment and International Productivity Differences. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 4161, Cambridge: MA National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Marchi, M. D., & Rocchi, M. (2010). Note on R&D Expenditures and Fixed Capital Formation. Scientometrics, 85, 489-494.
  • Mattes, A., Meinen, P., & Pavel, F. (2012). Goods Follow Bytes: The Impact of ICT on EU Trade. German Institute for Economic Research Discussion Papers, 1182, 1-23.
  • Nath, H. K., & Liu, L. (2017). Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Services Trade. Information Economics and Policy, 41, 81-87.
  • OECD (2003). Developments in Growth Literature and Their Relevance for Simulation Models. (Erişim 18.10.2020), http://www.oecd.org/environment/indicators-modelling-outlooks/12549919.pdf
  • Peseran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Discussion Paper, 1240, 1-39.
  • Peseran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
  • Pradhan, R. P., Mallik, G., & T. P. Bagchi (2018). Information Communication Technology (ICT) İnfrastructure and Economic Growth: A Causality Evinced by Cross-Country Panel Data. IIMB Management Review, 30(1), 91-103.
  • Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Samimi, A. J., & Alerasoul, S. M. (2009). R&D and Economic Growth: New Evidence from Some Developing Countries. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 3464-3469.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper and Row.
  • Van Pottelsberghe, P. B., & Guellec, D. (2004). From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do The İnstitutional Settings and The Source of Funds of R&D Matter?. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66(3), 353-78.
  • Visser, R. (2019). The Effect of The Internet on The Margins of Trade. Information Economics and Policy, 46, 41-54.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2018). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tufan Sarıtaş 0000-0003-1728-2377

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Acceptance Date November 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Sarıtaş, T. (2020). AB Ülkelerinde Ar-Ge Faaliyetleri ve ICT İhracatının Yatırımlara Etkisi. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(18), 22-31.