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Food Addiction

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 90 - 97, 30.09.2017

Abstract

Although the use of
the term “addiction” dates back to 1890, literature studies on the subject are
relatively new. In food addiction (FA), the individual develops a behavioral
pattern similar to addiction for processed, greasy, sugary, and salty foods.
Neurobiological studies on FA show considerable similarities with substance
addiction. FA, which has been shown to accompany eating disorders and
psychiatric disorders, should be included in treatment guides in order to
facilitate diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this article is to raise
conceptual awareness regarding diagnosis and treatment strategies for FA.
















References

  • 1-Randolph TG. The descriptive features of food addiction; addictive eating and drinking. Q J Stud Alcohol 1956; 17(2): 198–224. 2- McHugh PR, Slavney PR. Mental illness -- comprehensive evaluation or checklist? N Engl J Med 2012; 366(20): 1853–1855. 3- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5®), American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. 4- Finlayson G. Food addiction and obesity: unnecessary medicalization of hedonic overeating. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13(8): 493-498. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.61. Epub 2017 May 26. 5- Alexander BK. The globalization of addiction: a study in poverty of the Spirit (Oxford Univ.) Press, 2010. 6- Stepney R. The concept of addiction: its use and abuse in the media and science. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 1996; 11: 15–20. 7- Vainik U, Neseliler S, Konstabel K, et al. Eating traits questionnaires as a continuum of a single concept. Uncontrolled eating. Appetite 2015; 90: 229–39. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.004. 8- Carter A, Hendrikse J, Lee N, et al. The neurobiology of “food addiction” and its implications for obesity treatment and policy. Annu Rev Nutr 2016; 36: 105–128. 9- Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale food addiction scale. Appetite 2009; 52(2): 430–436. 10- Bayraktar F, Erkman F, Kurtuluş E. Adaptation Study of Yale Food Addiction Scale. [P-017] Ref.No:260. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2012; 22(Suppl. 1): S38. 11- Meule A. Back by popular demand: a narrative review on the history of food addiction research. Yale J Biol Med 2015; 88(3): 295–302. 12- Cocores JA, Gold MS. The salted food addiction hypothesis may explain overeating and the obesity epidemic. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73(6): 892–899. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.049. 13- Rada P, Avena NM, Hoebel BG. Daily bingeing on sugar repeatedly releases dopamine in the accumbens shell. Neuroscience 2005; 134(3): 737–744. 14- Hoebel BG, Avena NM, Bocarsly ME, Rada P. Natural addiction: a behavioral and circuit model based on sugar addiction in rats. J Addict Med 2009; 3(1): 33–41. doi:10.1097/ ADM.0b013e31819aa621. 15- Schulte EM, Avena NM, Gearhardt AN. Which foods may be addictive? The roles of processing, fat content, and glycemic load. PLoS One 2015; 10(2): e0117959. 16- Westwater ML, Fletcher PC, Ziauddeen H. Sugar addiction: the state of the science. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55(Suppl 2): 55–69.10.1007/s00394-016-1229-6. 17- Michaud A, Vainik U, Garcia-Garcia I, Dagher A. Overlapping neural endophenotypes in addiction and obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017; 8: 127. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00127. 18- Smith DS, Robbins TW. The neurobiological underpinnings of obesity and binge eating: a rationale for adopting the food addiction model. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73(9): 804–810. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.026. 19- Everitt BJ, Belin D, Economidou D, et al. Review. Neural mechanisms underlying the vulnerability to develop compulsive drug-seeking habits and addiction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363(1507): 3125–3135. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0089. 20- Robinson TE, Berridge KC. Review. The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: some current issues. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363(1507): 3137–3146. doi:10.1098/ rstb.2008.0093. 21- Nader MA, Morgan D, Gage HD, et al. PET imaging of dopamine D2 receptors during chronic cocaine self-administration in monkeys. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9(8): 1050–1056. doi:10.1038/ nn1737. 22- Volkow ND, Fowler JS. Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2000; 10(3): 318–325. doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.318. 23- Hebebrand J, Albayrak Ö, Adan R, et al. ‘‘Eating addiction’’, rather than ‘‘food addiction’’, better captures addictive like eating behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47: 295–306. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.016. 24- Gearhardt AN, White MA, Masheb RM, Grilo CM. An examination of food addiction in a racially diverse sample of obese patients with binge eating disorder in primary care settings. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54(5): 500–505. doi:10.1016/j. comppsych.2012.12.009 33. 25- Gearhardt AN, Roberto CA, Seamans MJ, et al. Preliminary validation of the Yale food addiction scale for children. Eat Behav 2013; 14(4): 508–512. doi:10.1016/j. eatbeh.2013.07.002. 26- Meule A, von Rezori V, Blechert J. Food addiction and bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2014; 22(5): 331–337. doi:10.1002/erv.2306. 27- Granero R, Hilker I, Agüera Z, et al. Food addiction in a Spanish sample of eating disorders: DSM-5 diagnostic subtype differentiation and validation data. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2014; 22(6): 389–396. doi:10.1002/erv.2311. 28- Brewerton TD, Rance SJ, Dansky BS, et al. A comparison of women with child-adolescent versus adult onset binge eating: results from the National Women’s Study. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47(7): 836–843. doi:10.1002/eat.22309. 29- Brewerton TD, O’Neil PM, Dansky BS, Kilpatrick DG. Extreme obesity and its associations with victimization, PTSD, major depression and eating disorders in a national sample of women. J Obes Eat Disord 2015; 1(2): 1–9. 30- Mason SM, Flint AJ, Field AE, et al. Abuse victimization in childhood or adolescence and risk of food addiction in adult women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21(12): E775–E781. doi:10.1002/oby.20500. 31- Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Contardi A, et al. The association among food addiction, binge eating severity and psychopathology in obese and overweight patients attending low-energy-diet therapy. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55(6): 1358–1362. doi:10.1016/j. comppsych.2014.04.023. 32- Matthews M, Nigg JT, Fair DA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 16: 235–266. doi: 10.1007/7854_2013_249. 33- Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Anttila V, Gusev A, Day FR, Loh PR; ReproGen Consortium; Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Duncan L, et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat Genet 2015; 47(11): 1236–41.10.1038/ng.3406. 34- Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Fang A, Asnaani A. Emotion dysregulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 2012; 29(5): 409–416. doi: 10.1002/da.21888. 35- Stepp SD, Scott LN, Morse JQ, et al. Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor of borderline personality disorder features. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55(3): 657-66. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.11.006. 36- Anestis MD, Selby EA, Fink EL, Joiner TE. The multifaceted role of distress tolerance in dysregulated eating behaviors. Int J Eat Disord 2007; 40(8): 718–726. doi: 10.1002/eat.20471. 37- Zellner DA, Loaiza S, Gonzalez Z, et al. Food selection changes under stress. Physiol Behav 2006; 87(4): 789–93. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.014. 38- Tryon MS, Carter CS, Decant R, Laugero KD. Chronic stress exposure may affect the brain’s response to high calorie food cues and predispose to obesogenic eating habits. Physiol Behav 2013; 120: 233–42.10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.010. 39- MacKillop J, Amlung MT, Few LR, et al. Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 216(3): 305–321. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2229-0. 40- Stanford MS, Mathias CW, Dougherty DM, et al. Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: an update and review. Personality and Individual Differences 2009; 47: 385–395. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.008. 41- Whiteside SP, Lynam DR, Miller JD, Reynolds SK. Validation of the UPPS impulsive behaviour scale: a four-factor model of impulsivity. European Journal of Personality 2005; 19(7): 559–574. doi: 10.1002/per.556. 42- Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33(4): 574–592. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.03.003. 43- Carrard I, Crépin C, Ceschi G, et al. Relations between pure dietary and dietary-negative affect subtypes and impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivity in binge eating individuals. Eat Behav 2012; 13(1): 13–19. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.10.004. 44- Voon V. Cognitive biases in binge eating disorder: the hijacking of decision making. CNS Spectr 2015; 20(6): 566–573. doi:10.1017/S1092852915000681. 45- Kenny PJ. Common cellular and molecular mechanisms in obesity and drug addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12(11): 638–651. doi:10.1038/nrn3105. 46- Vella SC, Pai NB. A narrative review of potential treatment strategies for food addiction. Eat Weight Disord. 2017. doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0400-2. 47- Giuliano C, Cottone P. The role of the opioid system in binge eating disorder. CNS Spectr 2015; 20(6): 537–545. doi: 10.1017/S1092852915000668. 48- McElroy SL, Guerdjikova AI, Mori N, Keck PE Jr. Psychopharmacologic treatment of eating disorders: emerging findings. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17(5): 35. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0573-1. 49- Mason AE, Laraia B, Daubenmier J, et al. Putting the brakes on the ‘‘drive to eat’’: pilot effects of naltrexone and reward-based eating on food cravings among obese women. Eat Behav 2015; 19: 53–56. doi: 10.1016/j.eat beh.2015.06.008. 50- Grosshans M, Loeber S, Kiefer F. Implications from addiction research towards the understanding and treatment of obesity. Addict Biol 2011; 16(2): 189–198. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00300.x. 51- Stevens L, Verdejo-Garcia A, Goudriaan AE, et al. Impulsivity as a vulnerability factor for poor treatment outcomes: a review of neurocognitive findings among individuals with substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 2014; 47(1): 58–72. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2014.01.008. 52- Staiger PK, Dawe S, Richardson B, et al. Modifying the risk associated with an impulsive temperament: a prospective study of drug dependence treatment. Addict Behav 2014; 39(1): 1676–1681. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.001. 53- Saunders BT, Robinson TE. Individual variation in resisting temptation: implications for addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37(9 Pt A): 1955–1975. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.008. 54- McElroy SL, Mitchell JE, Wilfey D, et al. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate effects on binge eating behaviour and obsessive-compulsive and impulsive features in adults with binge eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2016; 24(3): 223-31. doi: 10.1002/erv.2418. 55- Berkman ND, Brownley KA, Peat CM, et al. Management and outcomes of binge-eating disorder. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2015 Dec. Report No.: 15(16)-EHC030-EF. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. 56- Dean O, Giorlando F, Berk M. N-Acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2011; 36(2): 78–86. doi: 10.1503/jpn.100057. 57- Davis C, Carter JC. Compulsive overeating as an addiction disorder. A review of theory and evidence. Appetite 2009; 53(1): 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.05.018. 58- Gearhardt AN, Grilo CM, DiLeone J, et al. Can food be addictive? Public health and policy implications. Addiction 2011; 106(7): 1208–1212. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443. 2010.03301.x.

Yeme bağımlılığı

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 90 - 97, 30.09.2017

Abstract

Bağımlılık teriminin gıda ile birlikte kullanımı 1890 yılına  kadar uzansa da  üzerinde yapılan literatür çalışmaları oldukça yenidir. Yeme bağımlılığında (YB), işlenmiş aşırı yağlı, şekerli ve tuzlu gıdalara karşı bağımlılık benzeri davranış paterni oluşmaktadır. YB’na ilişkin yapılan nörobiyolojik temelli çalışmalar madde bağımlılığına ilişkin ciddi benzerlikler içermektedir. Yeme bozuklukları ve psikiyatrik bozukluğa eşlik ettiği gösterilen YB’nın tanı ve tedaviyi kolaylaştırma açısından tedavi klavuzlarında yer alması gerekmektedir. Yazımızda, kavramsal açıdan tedavi stratejilerine, YB tanısına farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır.

 

References

  • 1-Randolph TG. The descriptive features of food addiction; addictive eating and drinking. Q J Stud Alcohol 1956; 17(2): 198–224. 2- McHugh PR, Slavney PR. Mental illness -- comprehensive evaluation or checklist? N Engl J Med 2012; 366(20): 1853–1855. 3- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5®), American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. 4- Finlayson G. Food addiction and obesity: unnecessary medicalization of hedonic overeating. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13(8): 493-498. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.61. Epub 2017 May 26. 5- Alexander BK. The globalization of addiction: a study in poverty of the Spirit (Oxford Univ.) Press, 2010. 6- Stepney R. The concept of addiction: its use and abuse in the media and science. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 1996; 11: 15–20. 7- Vainik U, Neseliler S, Konstabel K, et al. Eating traits questionnaires as a continuum of a single concept. Uncontrolled eating. Appetite 2015; 90: 229–39. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.004. 8- Carter A, Hendrikse J, Lee N, et al. The neurobiology of “food addiction” and its implications for obesity treatment and policy. Annu Rev Nutr 2016; 36: 105–128. 9- Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale food addiction scale. Appetite 2009; 52(2): 430–436. 10- Bayraktar F, Erkman F, Kurtuluş E. Adaptation Study of Yale Food Addiction Scale. [P-017] Ref.No:260. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2012; 22(Suppl. 1): S38. 11- Meule A. Back by popular demand: a narrative review on the history of food addiction research. Yale J Biol Med 2015; 88(3): 295–302. 12- Cocores JA, Gold MS. The salted food addiction hypothesis may explain overeating and the obesity epidemic. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73(6): 892–899. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.049. 13- Rada P, Avena NM, Hoebel BG. Daily bingeing on sugar repeatedly releases dopamine in the accumbens shell. Neuroscience 2005; 134(3): 737–744. 14- Hoebel BG, Avena NM, Bocarsly ME, Rada P. Natural addiction: a behavioral and circuit model based on sugar addiction in rats. J Addict Med 2009; 3(1): 33–41. doi:10.1097/ ADM.0b013e31819aa621. 15- Schulte EM, Avena NM, Gearhardt AN. Which foods may be addictive? The roles of processing, fat content, and glycemic load. PLoS One 2015; 10(2): e0117959. 16- Westwater ML, Fletcher PC, Ziauddeen H. Sugar addiction: the state of the science. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55(Suppl 2): 55–69.10.1007/s00394-016-1229-6. 17- Michaud A, Vainik U, Garcia-Garcia I, Dagher A. Overlapping neural endophenotypes in addiction and obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017; 8: 127. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00127. 18- Smith DS, Robbins TW. The neurobiological underpinnings of obesity and binge eating: a rationale for adopting the food addiction model. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73(9): 804–810. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.026. 19- Everitt BJ, Belin D, Economidou D, et al. Review. Neural mechanisms underlying the vulnerability to develop compulsive drug-seeking habits and addiction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363(1507): 3125–3135. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0089. 20- Robinson TE, Berridge KC. Review. The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: some current issues. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363(1507): 3137–3146. doi:10.1098/ rstb.2008.0093. 21- Nader MA, Morgan D, Gage HD, et al. PET imaging of dopamine D2 receptors during chronic cocaine self-administration in monkeys. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9(8): 1050–1056. doi:10.1038/ nn1737. 22- Volkow ND, Fowler JS. Addiction, a disease of compulsion and drive: involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2000; 10(3): 318–325. doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.318. 23- Hebebrand J, Albayrak Ö, Adan R, et al. ‘‘Eating addiction’’, rather than ‘‘food addiction’’, better captures addictive like eating behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47: 295–306. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.016. 24- Gearhardt AN, White MA, Masheb RM, Grilo CM. An examination of food addiction in a racially diverse sample of obese patients with binge eating disorder in primary care settings. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54(5): 500–505. doi:10.1016/j. comppsych.2012.12.009 33. 25- Gearhardt AN, Roberto CA, Seamans MJ, et al. Preliminary validation of the Yale food addiction scale for children. Eat Behav 2013; 14(4): 508–512. doi:10.1016/j. eatbeh.2013.07.002. 26- Meule A, von Rezori V, Blechert J. Food addiction and bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2014; 22(5): 331–337. doi:10.1002/erv.2306. 27- Granero R, Hilker I, Agüera Z, et al. Food addiction in a Spanish sample of eating disorders: DSM-5 diagnostic subtype differentiation and validation data. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2014; 22(6): 389–396. doi:10.1002/erv.2311. 28- Brewerton TD, Rance SJ, Dansky BS, et al. A comparison of women with child-adolescent versus adult onset binge eating: results from the National Women’s Study. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47(7): 836–843. doi:10.1002/eat.22309. 29- Brewerton TD, O’Neil PM, Dansky BS, Kilpatrick DG. Extreme obesity and its associations with victimization, PTSD, major depression and eating disorders in a national sample of women. J Obes Eat Disord 2015; 1(2): 1–9. 30- Mason SM, Flint AJ, Field AE, et al. Abuse victimization in childhood or adolescence and risk of food addiction in adult women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21(12): E775–E781. doi:10.1002/oby.20500. 31- Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Contardi A, et al. The association among food addiction, binge eating severity and psychopathology in obese and overweight patients attending low-energy-diet therapy. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55(6): 1358–1362. doi:10.1016/j. comppsych.2014.04.023. 32- Matthews M, Nigg JT, Fair DA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 16: 235–266. doi: 10.1007/7854_2013_249. 33- Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Anttila V, Gusev A, Day FR, Loh PR; ReproGen Consortium; Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Duncan L, et al. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat Genet 2015; 47(11): 1236–41.10.1038/ng.3406. 34- Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Fang A, Asnaani A. Emotion dysregulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 2012; 29(5): 409–416. doi: 10.1002/da.21888. 35- Stepp SD, Scott LN, Morse JQ, et al. Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor of borderline personality disorder features. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55(3): 657-66. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.11.006. 36- Anestis MD, Selby EA, Fink EL, Joiner TE. The multifaceted role of distress tolerance in dysregulated eating behaviors. Int J Eat Disord 2007; 40(8): 718–726. doi: 10.1002/eat.20471. 37- Zellner DA, Loaiza S, Gonzalez Z, et al. Food selection changes under stress. Physiol Behav 2006; 87(4): 789–93. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.014. 38- Tryon MS, Carter CS, Decant R, Laugero KD. Chronic stress exposure may affect the brain’s response to high calorie food cues and predispose to obesogenic eating habits. Physiol Behav 2013; 120: 233–42.10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.08.010. 39- MacKillop J, Amlung MT, Few LR, et al. Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: a meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 216(3): 305–321. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2229-0. 40- Stanford MS, Mathias CW, Dougherty DM, et al. Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: an update and review. Personality and Individual Differences 2009; 47: 385–395. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.008. 41- Whiteside SP, Lynam DR, Miller JD, Reynolds SK. Validation of the UPPS impulsive behaviour scale: a four-factor model of impulsivity. European Journal of Personality 2005; 19(7): 559–574. doi: 10.1002/per.556. 42- Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33(4): 574–592. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.03.003. 43- Carrard I, Crépin C, Ceschi G, et al. Relations between pure dietary and dietary-negative affect subtypes and impulsivity and reinforcement sensitivity in binge eating individuals. Eat Behav 2012; 13(1): 13–19. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.10.004. 44- Voon V. Cognitive biases in binge eating disorder: the hijacking of decision making. CNS Spectr 2015; 20(6): 566–573. doi:10.1017/S1092852915000681. 45- Kenny PJ. Common cellular and molecular mechanisms in obesity and drug addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011; 12(11): 638–651. doi:10.1038/nrn3105. 46- Vella SC, Pai NB. A narrative review of potential treatment strategies for food addiction. Eat Weight Disord. 2017. doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0400-2. 47- Giuliano C, Cottone P. The role of the opioid system in binge eating disorder. CNS Spectr 2015; 20(6): 537–545. doi: 10.1017/S1092852915000668. 48- McElroy SL, Guerdjikova AI, Mori N, Keck PE Jr. Psychopharmacologic treatment of eating disorders: emerging findings. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17(5): 35. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0573-1. 49- Mason AE, Laraia B, Daubenmier J, et al. Putting the brakes on the ‘‘drive to eat’’: pilot effects of naltrexone and reward-based eating on food cravings among obese women. Eat Behav 2015; 19: 53–56. doi: 10.1016/j.eat beh.2015.06.008. 50- Grosshans M, Loeber S, Kiefer F. Implications from addiction research towards the understanding and treatment of obesity. Addict Biol 2011; 16(2): 189–198. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00300.x. 51- Stevens L, Verdejo-Garcia A, Goudriaan AE, et al. Impulsivity as a vulnerability factor for poor treatment outcomes: a review of neurocognitive findings among individuals with substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 2014; 47(1): 58–72. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2014.01.008. 52- Staiger PK, Dawe S, Richardson B, et al. Modifying the risk associated with an impulsive temperament: a prospective study of drug dependence treatment. Addict Behav 2014; 39(1): 1676–1681. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.001. 53- Saunders BT, Robinson TE. Individual variation in resisting temptation: implications for addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37(9 Pt A): 1955–1975. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.008. 54- McElroy SL, Mitchell JE, Wilfey D, et al. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate effects on binge eating behaviour and obsessive-compulsive and impulsive features in adults with binge eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2016; 24(3): 223-31. doi: 10.1002/erv.2418. 55- Berkman ND, Brownley KA, Peat CM, et al. Management and outcomes of binge-eating disorder. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2015 Dec. Report No.: 15(16)-EHC030-EF. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. 56- Dean O, Giorlando F, Berk M. N-Acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2011; 36(2): 78–86. doi: 10.1503/jpn.100057. 57- Davis C, Carter JC. Compulsive overeating as an addiction disorder. A review of theory and evidence. Appetite 2009; 53(1): 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.05.018. 58- Gearhardt AN, Grilo CM, DiLeone J, et al. Can food be addictive? Public health and policy implications. Addiction 2011; 106(7): 1208–1212. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443. 2010.03301.x.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Review
Authors

Emine Füsun Akyüz Çim

Abdullah Atlı

Publication Date September 30, 2017
Acceptance Date December 23, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Akyüz Çim EF, Atlı A. Food Addiction. Bağımlılık Dergisi. September 2017;18(3):90-97.

Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence